Abstract: A method of construction of tunnels under water by pre-fabricating them in short sections with their ends adapted to make fluid-tight joints with adjacent sections, transporting, sinking and joining them together and forming the sections into sets by installing a bulkhead in the last section of each set and dewatering the sets and tying the sections together.

Abstract: A trench shore consisting of longitudinal panels which cover the walls of the trench and are supported by movable frames, the panels being moved forward by jacks connecting the panels to the frames which are held in place by the friction between the walls and other panels, the shore comprising a central chamber where permanent structure is installed, with a front section with sides sloping to conform to the natural slope of the ground, and a rear section with similar sloping sides to allow for tamping and consolidating backfill material around the structure installed and with bracing arranged to allow the shore to pass completed sections of manholes; the shore being also suitable for laying pipe or tunnels under water.

Abstract: The invention refers to means of shoring trench excavation.It provides a trench shoring apparatus which supports the walls of the trench and can travel by its own power or be pulled behind an excavator and consists of panels which line the walls of the trench and have braces across the trench between them, each panel comprising a frame that supports a vertical tread endless crawler track which travels longitudinally around the frame, the panel being enclosed to prevent the entry of earth, and of a construction and size suitable for being easily joined to others and cross braced to form an assembly for various depths of trenches.The apparatus may be used for underwater pipelaying.

Abstract: A traveling trench shoring device consisting of longitudinal panels which cover the walls of the trench completely and are supported by movable frames, the panels being moved forward by jacks connecting the panels to the frames which are held in place by the friction between the walls and other panels, the device comprising a working chamber and a separate unconnected sloping approach section, and panels which can be raised individually and have cover plates on their lower outer edges and ends to prevent entry of earth between them and panels below and behind them, the connections for the jacks on the frames also being movable vertically and individually.