Abstract: Disclosed herein is a particle comprising a magnetic material and a carbon layer on the outer surface of the magnetic material. The carbon layer may comprise graphite, such as Graphite from the University of Idaho Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction (GUITAR). The particle may further comprise a single stranded nucleic acid moiety, such as single stranded DNA or single stranded RNA, conjugated to the carbon layer. The disclosed particles are useful as nucleic acid sensors, PCR reagents, and in nucleic acid synthesis applications.

Abstract: Methods, electrodes, and electrochemical devices using surface-modified pseudo-graphite are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include depositing a pseudo-graphite material onto a surface of an electrode substrate to produce a pseudo-graphite material surface. The method may also include modifying the pseudo-graphite material surface to alter electrochemical characteristics of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods, electrodes, and sensors for chlorine species sensing using pseudo-graphite are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include coating a pseudo-graphite material onto a surface of an electrode substrate to produce a pseudo-graphite surface. The method may also include exposing the pseudo-graphite surface to a sample to detect chlorine species in the sample.

Abstract: Methods, electrodes, and sensors for pH sensing using pseudo-graphite are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include coating a pseudo-graphite material onto a surface of an electrode substrate to produce a pseudo-graphite surface. The method may also include exposing the pseudo-graphite surface to a sample to detect organic content in the sample.

Abstract: Methods, electrodes, and electrochemical devices using nitrogen-doped pseudo-graphite are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include doping a pseudo-graphite material with nitrogen to form a doped pseudo-graphite material. The method may also include applying the doped pseudo-graphite material to a surface of a substrate of an electrode.

Abstract: Methods, electrodes, and sensors for pH sensing using pseudo-graphite are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include coating a pseudo-graphite material onto a surface of an electrode substrate to produce a pseudo-graphite surface. The method may also include exposing the pseudo-graphite surface to a sample to measure a pH of the sample.

Abstract: Technologies for producing training data for identifying degradation of physical components include a system. The system includes circuitry configured to apply an accelerated degradation process to a physical component of an industrial plant. Additionally, the circuitry of the system is configured to obtain measurement data indicative of visual characteristics of the physical component at each of multiple phases of degradation, wherein the measurement data is usable to train a neural network to identify a phase of degradation of another physical component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of an electrochemical device comprising graphene material made using embodiments of the method disclosed herein. Also disclosed is a graphene electrode comprising the graphene material made using embodiments of the method disclosed herein. The graphene material disclosed herein for use in the disclosed electrochemical devices has superior properties and activity compared to carbon-based materials known and used in the art. The disclosed graphene material can be used in multiple different technologies, such as water treatment, batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, solar cells, and ultracapacitors (both aqueous and non-aqueous).

Abstract: Methods, electrodes, and electrochemical devices using pseudo-graphite composites are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include forming a composite material comprising pseudo-graphite. The method may further include depositing the composite material onto a surface of an electrode substrate to produce an electrode having a composite pseudo-graphite surface.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors of the same composition or different compositions are provided on a substrate or in a bundle and are sensitive to a plurality of constituent species in a mixed species medium being measured. The sensors of the same composition may each be maintained at different temperatures. The sensors of different compositions may each be maintained at the same temperature or different temperatures. The intersection of measurement values from the plurality of sensors may be used to determine the actual concentrations of the constituent species (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen) in the mixed species medium.

Abstract: A method for performing a calculation operation to grade and catalog the repeatability of an author's technical or instructional publication or some sub-portion thereof, comprising: a first step of collecting data from a user or users with experience in said publication's replication; a second step of converting the elements of the data to numerical quantities; a third step of calculating a weighting function for that user or users and a weighting function for the author; a fourth step of multiplying elements or subsets of the data by a weighting function that may amplify or diminish the value of the data; a fifth step of aggregating the weighted subsets of data into one or more values; and a sixth step of weighting and averaging the data with historical data, if any.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors of the same composition or different compositions are provided on a substrate or in a bundle and are sensitive to a plurality of constituent species in a mixed species medium being measured. The sensors of the same composition may each be maintained at different temperatures. The sensors of different compositions may each be maintained at the same temperature or different temperatures. The intersection of measurement values from the plurality of sensors may be used to determine the actual concentrations of the constituent species (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen) in the mixed species medium.

Abstract: A method for the production of a transparent conductor deposit on a substrate, the method comprising: providing a substrate formed from a first material; depositing a film of a second material on the substrate; causing the film to crack so as to provide a plurality of recesses; depositing a conductive material in the recesses; and removing the film from the substrate so as to yield a transparent conductive deposit on the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of an electrochemical device comprising graphene material made using embodiments of the method disclosed herein. Also disclosed is a graphene electrode comprising the graphene material made using embodiments of the method disclosed herein. The graphene material disclosed herein for use in the disclosed electrochemical devices has superior properties and activity compared to carbon-based materials known and used in the art. The disclosed graphene material can be used in multiple different technologies, such as water treatment, batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, solar cells, and ultracapacitors (both aqueous and non-aqueous).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of an electrochemical device comprising graphene material made using embodiments of the method disclosed herein. Also disclosed is a graphene electrode comprising the graphene material made using embodiments of the method disclosed herein. The graphene material disclosed herein for use in the disclosed electrochemical devices has superior properties and activity compared to carbon-based materials known and used in the art. The disclosed graphene material can be used in multiple different technologies, such as water treatment, batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, solar cells, and ultracapacitors (both aqueous and non-aqueous).

Abstract: A method for producing carbon nanotubes having specific lengths, said method comprising: producing carbon nanotubes having at least two types of zones along their lengths, wherein each zone type has a characteristic structure that confers specific properties; and processing said carbon nanotubes to selectively attack one zone type more aggressively than another zone type.

Abstract: A method for performing a calculation operation to grade and catalog the repeatability of an author's technical or instructional publication or some sub-portion thereof, comprising: a first step of collecting data from a user or users with experience in said publication's replication; a second step of converting the elements of the data to numerical quantities; a third step of calculating a weighting function for that user or users and a weighting function for the author; a fourth step of multiplying elements or subsets of the data by a weighting function that may amplify or diminish the value of the data; a fifth step of aggregating the weighted subsets of data into one or more values; and a sixth step of weighting and averaging the data with historical data, if any.

Abstract: Painless, non-invasive nanofluidic delivery systems useful for the delivery of therapeutically active agents, GRAS agents, sterile fluids and inert fillers through epithelial membranes are described. The painless, non-invasive delivery system delivers a therapeutic agent via a micro-syringe-based assembly. The painless, non-invasive delivery system may also have a vehicle, which facilitates the absorption of the therapeutic agents by altering its absorption rate at the site of administration. Also disclosed is a method and components of the delivery system to administer therapeutic agents in a consistent, predictable and reproducible manner. Certain compositions may facilitate the delivery of different agents without altering the agents from their current or previous form.

Abstract: Apparatus for subcutaneously delivering a substance to a patient, said apparatus comprising: a carrier comprising a flexible body, wherein said flexible body comprises a reservoir, and further wherein said reservoir contains the substance which is to be delivered to the patient; a nanoneedle assembly comprising: a tubular body having a distal end and a proximal end; a base plate movably mounted intermediate said distal end and said proximal end of said tubular body, said base plate comprising a distal surface and a proximal surface, with a plurality of through-holes extending between said distal surface and said proximal surface of said base plate, said proximal surface of said base plate being in fluid communication with said reservoir; a plurality of nanoneedles, wherein each of said plurality of nanoneedles comprises a distal end, a proximal end, and a lumen extending therebetween, said proximal end of each of said plurality of nanoneedles being mounted to said base plate such that said lumen of each o

Abstract: A method for the production of a transparent conductor deposit on a substrate, the method comprising: providing a substrate formed from a first material; depositing a film of a second material on the substrate; causing the film to crack so as to provide a plurality of recesses; depositing a conductive material in the recesses; and removing the film from the substrate so as to yield a transparent conductive deposit on the substrate.