Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to a method and system for compressing digital data from a row-column structured, multi-color bitmap image representation and to advantageous applications thereof for low bandwidth data communication. In order to increase the compression rate in particular of bitmaps corresponding to screen shots in web-based applications or standard desktop applications having a graphical user interface (GUI) it is proposed to reduce (210) the image representation in order to contain only a subset of colors, preferably 2, 4, 8, 16 . . . 256, before subjecting it to further compression steps (215, 260, 265) and comprising rowwise X-OR operations (215) and subsequent compressed mapping (240, 245) of the resulting pixel information into a respective compressed bit string. X-OR operations in column direction (220) are also added in order to improve the compression rate for the specific field of above said low bandwidth communications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of isopulegol of formula (I): comprising the cyclization of citronellal of formula (II): in the presence of a tris(aryloxy)aluminum catalyst, wherein the cyclization is carried out in the presence of I. at least one acid and/or II. at least one compound selected from the group comprising carboxylic anhydrides, aldehydes, ketones and vinyl ethers.

Abstract: 4-Trifluoromethyl-2(1H)-pyridinone is prepared by reaction of 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-one or 4,4-dialkoxy-1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-one with a trialkyl phosphonoacetate followed by cyclization.

Abstract: A method for preparing a compound of the structure I,

Abstract: A method for preparing a compound of the structure I,

Abstract: Sulfonamides of the formula I where the substituents are as follows: R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl; and R2, R3, R4, R5 are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or halomethyl; R2 and R3 together may also form a phenyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring, it being possible for these rings to carry two groups R2, and R3, R2, R3, are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or halomethyl; in case a), if R2, R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen: X is phenyl substituted by a group —C(R6)?NOR7, where R6 is alkyl and R7 is alkyl, benzyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl or haloalkynyl; and in case b), if at least one of the groups R2, R3, R4 and R5 is not hydrogen: X is phenyl, naphthyl or a five- or six-membered saturated, or partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which is attached via a carbon atom and contains one to four heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S, where X may be substituted according to the description; Processes for preparing these compounds, compositions comprisi

Abstract: A process is described for preparing isoxazoles of the formula I where the substituents are as defined below: R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, R2 is C1-C6-alkyl, R3, R4, R5 are hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or R4 and R5 together form a bond, R6 is a heterocyclic ring, n is 0, 1 or 2; which comprises preparing an intermediate of the formula VI where R1, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined above, followed by halogenation, thiomethylation, oxidation and acylation to give compounds of the formula I. Also novel intermediates for preparing the compounds of the formula I and novel processes for preparing the intermediates are described.

Abstract: Benzoyl derivatives of the formula I where the variables have the following meanings: R1, R2 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl or C1–C6-haloalkylsulfonyl; R3 is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; R4, R5 are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, dialkylamino, phenyl or carbonyl, it being possible for the 6 last-mentioned radicals to be substituted; X is O, S, NR9, CO or CR10R11; Y is O, S, NR12, CO or CR13R14; R15 is pyrazole which is unsubstituted or substituted, linked in the 4-position and has attached to it in the 5-position a hydroxyl or sulfonyloxy radical; and the agriculturally useful salts thereof; processes and intermediates for the preparation of the 3-heterocyclyl-substituted benzoyl derivatives, compositions comprising them; and the use of these derivatives or compositions comprising them for controlling undesirable plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing sulfamoyl halides of primary or secondary amines, comprising the following steps: i) reacting a primary or secondary amine A1 with at least equimolar amounts of SO3 or an SO3 source in the presence of at least equimolar amounts of a tertiary amine A2, based in each case on the amine A1, and ii) reacting the reaction mixture obtained in step i) with at least the amount of a phosphorus halide required by the stoichiometry; The invention further relates to a process for preparing sulfonic diamides, comprising the preparation of sulfamoyl halides by means of carrying out steps i) and ii) and subsequently reacting the sulfamoyl halide obtained with ammonia. The invention further relates to the use of this process for preparing active herbicidal ingredients having a sulfuric diamide structure. The invention further relates to novel sulfamoyl chlorides.

Abstract: Z-substituted acrylamides of formula (I), where the substituents have the following meanings: X?H, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, with X in the 3- or 4-position, n=1 or 2, where X can be different if n=2, R1=alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aziridine and oxirane and R2?H, alkyl, haloalkyl, allyl, propargyl or CH2C?C-alkyl. Methods for production thereof, agents comprising the above and the use thereof for the treatment of plant-pathogenic fungal pests.

Abstract: A method for preparing a compound of the structure I,

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of combating animal pests which comprises contacting the animal pests, their habit, breeding ground, food supply, plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which the animal pests are growing or may grow, or the materials, plants, seeds, soils, surfaces or spaces to be protected from animal attack or infestation with a pesticidally effective amount of at least one 6-halogeno[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine of the general formula (I), wherein X, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in claim 1 and/or the agriculturally useful salts thereof.

Abstract: 2-[Pyrazolyl- and triazolyl-3?-oxymethylene]phenylisoxazolones, -triazolones and -tetrazolones of formula I where: X is a group A, B or C, ?where # denotes the bond with the phenyl ring, Ra is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, Rb is alkyl; Y is N or CRc, where Rc is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, where the substituents R1 may be different if n is greater than 1; R1 is nitro, cyano, halogen, alkyl with or without substitution or alkoxy with or without substitution or is additionally, if n is 2, an optionally substituted 3 or 4 membered bridge which forms together with the ring to which it is attached a bicyclic partially unsaturated or aromatic radical; R2 is hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio or alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted hetaryl, their preparation and their use for controlling unwanted animal pests or harmful fungi.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing o-chloromethyl benzoic acid chlorides of formula (I), in which R1 to R4 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen C1–C4 alkyl, halogen or trifluoromethyl, by reaction benzo condensed lactones of formula (II), in which R1 to R4 have the above-mentioned meaning, with thionyl chloride. The inventive method is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of catalytic quantities of a Lewis acid and in the presence of catalytic quantities of a phosphine derivative.

Abstract: Cyclohexenonequinolinoyl derivatives of the formula I where: R1 is hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyiminomethyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, C1–C6-haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted amino sulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted sulfonyl amino, unsubstituted or substituted phenoxy, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyloxy, unsubstituted or substituted phenylthio or unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclylthio; R2, R3 are hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or halogen; R4 is substituted (3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)carbonyl or substituted (1,3-dioxo-2-cyclohexyl)methylidene; and their agriculturally useful salts; processes for preparing the cyclohexenonequinolinoyl derivatives; compositions comprising them, and the use of these derivatives or compositions comprising them for controlling undesirable plants are described.

Abstract: A process for preparing toluene derivatives of the formula I where R1, R2 and R3 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, alkyl radicals, hydroxyl groups and/or alkoxy groups, comprises reacting the corresponding benzoic acids, benzoic esters or benzoic anhydrides with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-{1-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propoxyimino]-butyl}-3-hydroxy-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)cyclohex-2-enone lithium salt by reacting the corresponding acid 2-{1-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-propoxyimino]butyl}-3-hydroxy-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-cyclohex-2-enone and lithium hydroxide and the isolation of the lithium salt are described. Here, it is advantageous to use a solvent mixture which comprises methanol and at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and to remove at least some of the solvent prior to the isolation. It is particularly preferred to dissolve the acid in an aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably toluene, and to use a methanolic lithium hydroxide solution. The product, which can be obtained in a more efficient manner by this process, furthermore has considerable advantages with respect to formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to benzophenones of formula (I), in which the substituents have the following meanings: X represents halogen; R1 represents hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo-C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, oxyhalomethyl or nitro, and; R2 represents hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, cyclohexylmethyl or C3-C6 alkenyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing 1-alkyl-3-aryl-5-difluoromethoxy-1H-pyrazoles of the formula (I), wherein aryl represents a mono- or polysubstituted phenyl ring, and R1 represents C1-C4 alkyl. The inventive method is characterized by reacting, in a first reaction step, a ?-ketoester of the general formula (II) with hydrazine and by successively reacting the reaction product obtained with chlorodifluoromethane and a compound R1-L, wherein R1 has the meanings indicated above and L represents the leaving group of a nucleophilic displacement reaction.

Abstract: A process for preparing 7-(pyrazol-3-yl)benzoxazoles of the formula I in which the variables R1-R6 are as defined in claim 1, which process is characterized in that a 2-halo-3-(pyrazol-3-yl)anilide of the formula II, in which X is bromine or iodine is reacted with a base in the presence of a transition metal compound of subgroup VIIa, VIIIa or Ib of the Periodic Table of the Elements, is disclosed.