Abstract: A system and method for interactively measuring ocular refractive errors, addition and power of reading glasses without the need of an optical component that would change optical vergence of a target. The system can measure the distance from a user's eyes to either or both border of interval of clear vision, for one orientation or two perpendicular orientations. The measurements together with the user's age can be used to estimate sphero-cylindrical refraction, addition and power of reading glasses. The system can use different sizes, directions and colors of targets which can change with said distance or user interaction.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing sight deterioration caused by prolonged use of electronic visual displays in low-light conditions is provided. The system includes a camera directed towards a user, a processing circuitry, control circuitry and, optionally, a light sensor. The processing circuitry determines the illuminance of a user's face, and in case it falls outside of a predefined range (putting the user at risk of future sight deterioration and progression of myopia), the device stores the illuminance data and/or sends a control signal to circuitry operative to notify the user. If processing circuitry determines that the illuminance is equal or greater than the predefined illuminance, the circuitry operative can stop the notification. The notification can be modulated by any combination of the illuminance and the time of use.

Abstract: Systems and methods for preventing sight deterioration caused by near work with devices with electronic screens arc provided. A system can include, in addition to an electronic screen, a distance detector directed towards a user. A system can also include processing circuitry coupled to a distance detector. Processing circuitry determines the distance between a user's head and a screen, relative to a calibration distance, and in case it is shorter than the calibration distance (putting the user at risk of future sight deterioration and progression of myopia), it can send a control signal to circuitry operative to notify the user. If processing circuitry determines that said distance is equal or longer than the calibration distance, the circuitry operative can slop the notification. A notification can be modulated by stud relative distance, making a user instinctively move a device away.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing sight deterioration caused by prolonged use of electronic visual displays in low-light conditions is provided. The system includes a camera directed towards a user, a processing circuitry, control circuitry and, optionally, a light sensor. The processing circuitry determines the illuminance of a user's face, and in case it falls outside of a predefined range (putting the user at risk of future sight deterioration and progression of myopia), the device stores the illuminance data and/or sends a control signal to circuitry operative to notify the user. If processing circuitry determines that the illuminance is equal or greater than the predefined illuminance, the circuitry operative can stop the notification. The notification can be modulated by any combination of the illuminance and the time of use.

Abstract: Systems and methods for preventing sight deterioration caused by near work with devices with electronic screens arc provided. A system can include, in addition to an electronic screen, a distance detector directed towards a user. A system can also include processing circuitry coupled to a distance detector. Processing circuitry determines the distance between a user's head and a screen, relative to a calibration distance, and in case it is shorter than the calibration distance (putting the user at risk of future sight deterioration and progression of myopia), it can send a control signal to circuitry operative to notify the user. If processing circuitry determines that said distance is equal or longer than the calibration distance, the circuitry operative can slop the notification. A notification can be modulated by stud relative distance, making a user instinctively move a device away.

Abstract: Designs and techniques of Composite Right-Left Handed (CRLH) Metamaterial (MTM) antenna devices, including a CRLH MTM devices that include MTM cells formed on a substrate and a conductive launch stub formed on the substrate to be adjacent to each of the MTM cells and electromagnetically coupled to each of the MTM cells.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a method for determining an ophthalmic prescription. An examination room is lighted to simulate daytime viewing and a conventional eye chart is used as a visual stimulus. A first corrective spherical lens power is determined by varying spherical lens power and identifying when perceived vision is best. The examination room is kept dark to simulate nighttime viewing conditions. The visual stimulus utilized is a white point source on a dark background, or a self illuminated symbol on a dark background. A second corrective spherical lens powered is determined by varying spherical lens power and identifying when perceived vision is best. An ophthalmic prescription such as one or more lenses, one or more surgical corrections or a combinations thereof is provided including a first corrective component including the first preferred spherical lens power, and a second corrective component including the second preferred spherical lens power.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a method for determining an ophthalmic prescription. An examination room is lighted to simulate daytime viewing and a conventional eye chart is used as a visual stimulus. A first corrective spherical lens power is determined by varying spherical lens power and identifying when perceived vision is best. The examination room is kept dark to simulate nighttime viewing conditions. The visual stimulus utilized is a white point source on a dark background, or a self illuminated symbol on a dark background. A second corrective spherical lens powered is determined by varying spherical lens power and identifying when perceived vision is best. An ophthalmic prescription such as one or more lenses, one or more surgical corrections or a combinations thereof is provided including a first corrective component including the first preferred spherical lens power, and a second corrective component including the second preferred spherical lens power.

Abstract: Antennas for wireless communications based on metamaterial (MTM) structures to arrange one or more antenna sections of an MTM antenna away from one or more other antenna sections of the same MTM antenna so that the antenna sections of the MTM antenna are spatially distributed in a non-planar configuration to provide a compact structure adapted to fit to an allocated space or volume of a wireless communication device, such as a portable wireless communication device.

Abstract: A wireless device incorporating an antenna made of Composite Right Left Hand (CRLH) structures, having a connection element coupling a portion of the antenna to a ground electrode. In some embodiments a wireless device has one or more mechanical connection units made of electrically conductive materials to provide both mechanical engagement and electrical conduction for the antenna devices.

Abstract: Antenna structures and configurations which incorporate alignment keys and support structures which mate Composite Right and Left Handed (CRLH) metamaterial (MTM) structures formed on two or more substrates.

Abstract: An antenna device, such as composite right and left handed (CRLH) antenna device, is formed on the substrate, including a ground electrode formed on the substrate. In an example, the antenna device includes a cell patch comprising an enclosed conductive portion formed along an exterior edge of the cell patch, leaving an interior portion of the cell patch to partially expose the substrate. A feed structure is electromagnetically coupled to the cell patch, a via line is coupled to the ground electrode, and a via couples the via line to the cell patch.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques that provide tuning elements in antenna devices to tune frequencies of the antenna devices, including composite right and left handed (CRLH) metamaterial (MTM) antenna devices. Examples of the tuning elements for CRLH MTM antenna devices include feed line tuning elements, cell patch tuning elements, meandered stub tuning elements, via line tuning elements, and via pad tuning elements tuning elements that formed near corresponding antenna elements such as the feed line, cell patch, meander stub, via line and via pad, respectively.

Abstract: A variety of configurations for a CRLH structured antenna in a wireless device are presented. An antenna having portions of the CRLH structure positioned on different layers provides an elevated structure. An antenna is presented having a double folded antenna structure, wherein a cell patch includes extensions on multiple layers of a substrate.

Abstract: Antennas for wireless communications based on metamaterial (MTM) structures to arrange one or more antenna sections of an MTM antenna away from one or more other antenna sections of the same MTM antenna so that the antenna sections of the MTM antenna are spatially distributed in a non-planar configuration to provide a compact structure adapted to fit to an allocated space or volume of a wireless communication device, such as a portable wireless communication device.

Abstract: A variety of configurations for a CRLH structured antenna in a wireless device are presented. An antenna having portions of the CRLH structure positioned on different layers provides an elevated structure. An antenna is presented having a double folded antenna structure, wherein a cell patch includes extensions on multiple layers of a substrate.

Abstract: A wireless device incorporating an antenna made of Composite Right Left Hand (CRLH) structures, having a connection element coupling a portion of the antenna to a ground electrode. In some embodiments a wireless device has one or more mechanical connection units made of electrically conductive materials to provide both mechanical engagement and electrical conduction for the antenna devices.

Abstract: A CRLH antenna device is presented having a hollow cell patch structure.

Abstract: Antenna structures and configurations which incorporate alignment keys and support structures which mate Composite Right and Left Handed (CRLH) metamaterial (MTM) structures formed on two or more substrates.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques that provide tuning elements in antenna devices to tune frequencies of the antenna devices, including composite right and left handed (CRLH) metamaterial (MTM) antenna devices. Examples of the tuning elements for CRLH MTM antenna devices include feed line tuning elements, cell patch tuning elements, meandered stub tuning elements, via line tuning elements, and via pad tuning elements tuning elements that formed near corresponding antenna elements such as the feed line, cell patch, meander stub, via line and via pad, respectively.