Abstract: A heating apparatus, an image forming apparatus, and a liquid discharge apparatus. The heating apparatus includes a heating roller having a heat source inside, an end holder in which a portion of the heat source is disposed, the end holder holding an axial end of the heating roller rotatably, and an air supply device configured to supply air into the end holder in a direction intersecting with an axial direction of the heating roller. The heating apparatus includes a heating roller having a heat source inside, and an end holder in which a portion of the heat source is disposed, the end holder rotatably holding an axial end of the heating roller. In the heating apparatus, the end holder has an air inlet opening through which air is supplied into the end holder and an air outlet opening through which air is ejected outside from inside the end holder.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpen having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl, or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: Novel desacyl-pepsidine and process for the preparation thereof comprising contacting N-acyl-pentapeptide with a bacterium which belongs to Bacillus pumilus. The new compounds are useful as pepsin-inhibitor and as intermediates for the preparation of N-acyl-pentapeptide homologues.

Abstract: Novel process for biochemical optical resolution of 2DL-racemic compound of .alpha.-tocopherol ester or substances which contain the same, using culture broth, whole cell, or culture filtrate, which are obtained by cultivating microorganisms which possess an ability for hydrolysis of said ester. Beneficial advantage of the process resides in its low cost, simplicity and high resolution ratio.