Abstract: A glass container has a container main body made of glass and a coating film formed on a surface of the container main body. The coating film is made of tin oxide or titanium oxide, and the film thickness of the coating film ranges from 40 nm to 50 nm. In the depth profile obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, an atomic percentage of sodium at a point where a tin or titanium profile intersects a silicon profile is 2% or less.

Abstract: A glass container has a container main body made of glass and a coating film formed on a surface of the container main body. The coating film is made of tin oxide or titanium oxide, and the film thickness of the coating film ranges from 40 nm to 50 nm. In the depth profile obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, an atomic percentage of sodium at a point where a tin or titanium profile intersects a silicon profile is 2% or less.

Abstract: A noble glass composition which is based on a known potassium-zinc crystal glass composition suitable for chemical strengthening, in which most of contained ZnO component is replaced with a combination of less expensive oxides. The noble glass composition is easily melted in a tank and formed by machine into table wares, and provides a chemical strengthened crystal glass article which has high practical strength as tableware and can be subjected to washing with an alkali.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorocarboxylic acid, which includes a dehydration step of removing from a mixture containing a fluorocarboxylic acid and water at least a part of the water to obtain a dehydrated fluorocarboxylic acid solution, and a purification step of purifying the dehydrated fluorocarboxylic acid solution.

Abstract: In order to provide a pavement body that is well drained and that keeps a part of water at a time of rain so as to avoid generation of a large amount of discharging water, that supplies the kept water to a surface layer at a time of drought and that soaks up the water of the roadbed so as to lower the temperature of the surface layer, a middle layer part (12) is formed by laying a porous aggregate mixture (a) made by mixing a porous material with a solidification material of a cement system, and a surface layer part (11) is formed by laying an asphalt mixture (b) having a water permeable function on the middle layer (12) so that a base course (1a) comprising a pavement body (1) is formed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorocarboxylic acid, which includes a dehydration step of removing from a mixture containing a fluorocarboxylic acid and water at least a part of the water to obtain a dehydrated fluorocarboxylic acid solution, and a purification step of purifying the dehydrated fluorocarboxylic acid solution.

Abstract: [Object] To develop a noble glass composition which is based on a known potassium-zinc crystal glass composition suitable for chemical strengthening, in which most of contained ZnO component is replaced with a combination of far inexpensive other oxides, which is easily to melt in a tank and to form by machine into table wares, which satisfies the legal conditions as crystal glass specified in glass composition, refractive index, and density, and which is superior in chemical strengthening suitability; and to provide a chemical strengthened crystal glass article which has high practical strength as a table ware and can be subjected to washing with an alkali.

Abstract: [Object] This invention relates to crystal glass article not containing lead or barium that can be chemical strengthened easily and that is highly alkali-resistant and equivalent to lead crystal glass in quality. [Solving Means] Crystal glass article that can be chemical strengthened easily and that is highly alkali-resistant and equivalent to lead crystal glass in quality can be produced with a glass composition containing: 62% to 65% by weight of SiO2; 2% to 3.2% by weight of Al2O3; 10% to 12% by weight of Na2O; 8% by weight to less than 10.0% by weight of K2O; 3% to 4.2% by weight of CaO; 2% to 3.2% by weight of SrO; 6% to 7.2% by weight of ZnO; 2.2% to 3% by weight of TiO2; 0% to 0.4% by weight of Sb2O3; and 0% to 1.2% by weight of SnO2+Y2O3+La2O3+ZrO2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a synthetic resin foam which comprises reacting at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate compound in the presence of an organic blowing agent, wherein the organic blowing agent is a blowing agent for synthetic resin foams which is characterized by being a mixture comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) and at least one halogen-containing compound and optionally containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycol compounds and amide compounds. Also provided are: a premix comprising the blowing agent and a polyol mixture; and a process for producing a synthetic resin foam from these.

Abstract: In a process for producing a hydrogen-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon in which a halogenated hydrocarbon reaction raw material, which includes a chlorinated alkene and/or a hydrogen-containing chlorinated alkane, is subjected to a fluorination reaction with hydrogen fluoride in a liquid phase in a reactor in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to obtain a reaction mixture which includes the hydrogen-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon, the reactor to be used has a portion which is able to contact with the reaction mixture, at least a part of this portion being made of an alloy material of 18 to 20% by weight of chromium, 18 to 20% by weight of molybdenum, 1.5 to 2.2% by weight of at least one element selected from niobium and tantalum and the balance of nickel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a synthetic resin foam which comprises reacting at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate compound in the presence of an organic blowing agent, wherein the organic blowing agent is a blowing agent for synthetic resin foams which is characterized by being a mixture comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) and at least one halogen-containing compound and optionally containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycol compounds and amide compounds. Also provided are: a premix comprising the blowing agent and a polyol mixture; and a process for producing a synthetic resin foam from these.

Abstract: There is provided an azeotropic mixture having 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride. Further, there is provided a process of separating/purifying R-245fa and/or HF from a mixture of R-245fa and HF wherein the mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride is subjected to a distillation step so that a distillate is obtained which has the azeotropic mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride, and a bottom product is obtained which has separated/purified 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane or hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for producing a synthetic resin foam comprising the step of reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a blowing agent to give a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, the blowing agent being a mixture of 51-90 wt. % 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 49-10 wt. % 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane.

Abstract: In a process for producing a hydrogen-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon in which a halogenated hydrocarbon reaction raw material, which includes a chlorinated alkene and/or a hydrogen-containing chlorinated alkane, is subjected to a fluorination reaction with hydrogen fluoride in a liquid phase in a reactor in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to obtain a reaction mixture which includes the hydrogen-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon, the reactor to be used has a portion which is able to contact with the reaction mixture, at least a part of this portion being made of an alloy material of 18 to 20% by weight of chromium, 18 to 20% by weight of molybdenum, 1.5 to 2.2% by weight of at least one element selected from niobium and tantalum and the balance of nickel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a fluorine-containing halogenated hydrocarbon compound by fluorinating, in a reaction field where an antimony halide compound represented by the general formula: SbClpF5−p  (I) wherein p is a value within a range from 0 to 2, and hydrogen fluoride and a halogenated hydrocarbon compound as a raw material exist, the halogenated hydrocarbon compound in a molar ratio of the antimony halide compound to hydrogen fluoride within a range from 40/60 to 90/10. According to this process, a fluorine-containing halogenated hydrocarbon compound (HFC), which is important as a substitute compound of CFC or HCFC, can be prepared economically advantageously with good selectivity while suppressing a corrosive action of a reaction vessel.

Abstract: A method of preparation for 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) wherein the first process gives mainly 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) by reacting 1-chloro-3, 3,3,-trifluoropropene (1233zd) with hydrogen fluoride in the gas phase and subsequently the second process gives 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) by reacting 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze), separated as a component that does not contain hydrogen chloride from crude products obtained by the first process, with hydrogen fluoride in the gas phase. To provide a process that is capable of preparing economically HFC-245fa which does not require the separation of HFC-245fa and 1233zd.

Abstract: One or more materials selected from 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane, 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene are used as the specific materials described above. Before submitting the materials and HF to a fluorination reaction, almost all water is removed from them. To continuously manufacture useful intended products efficiently as well as to prevent deactivation of the catalyst and the accumulation of organic substances with high boiling points when manufacturing said useful 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and/or 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, by fluorinating the specific materials with HF in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided an azeotropic mixture consisting substantially of 1, 1, 1 3, 3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride. Further, there is provided a process of separating/purifying R-245fa and/or HF from a mixture comprising R-245fa and HF wherein the mixture comprising 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride is subjected to a distillation step so that a distillate is obtained which comprises the azeotropic mixture consisting substantially of 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride, and a bottom product is obtained which comprises separated/purified 1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane or hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: There is provided an azeotropic mixture consisting substantially of 1,1,1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride. Further, there is provided a process of separating/purifying R-245fa and/or HF from a mixture comprising R-245fa and HF wherein the mixture comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride is subjected to a distillation step so that a distillate is obtained which comprises the azeotropic mixture consisting substantially of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride, and a bottom product is obtained which comprises separated/purified 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane or hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrogen-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon includes supplying HF to a gap between an inner reactor made of a material resistant to the reaction and an outer container made of a material resistant to HF; supplying HF to the inner reactor; supplying a halogenated hydrocarbon selected from a chlorinated alkene and a hydrogen-containing chlorinated alkane to the inner reactor; and reacting HF with halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a fluorination catalyst in the inner reactor to obtain the reaction product containing the hydrogen-containing fluorinated hydrocarbon.