Abstract: Laminates (A) that each have a catalyst layer and an electrolyte membrane are obtained either by disposing catalyst layers on one surface of each of a plurality of the electrolyte membranes, or by coating the catalyst layers with an electrolyte membrane forming composition. A membrane electrode assembly is then obtained either by layering the laminates (A) together with the electrode membrane sides facing each other, or by layering a laminate (A) and an electrolyte membrane (a) together such that one side of the electrolyte membrane (a) is in contact with the electrolyte membrane of the laminate (A) and then disposing a catalyst layer on the other side of the electrolyte membrane (a).

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a transmitter circuit whose transmission power is set variably, a wireless communication section having a receiver circuit, and a processing section that executes a control of the wireless communication section. The processing section sets the transmission power of the transmitter circuit to a first transmission power when it executes normal data communication and sets the transmission power of the transmitter circuit to a second transmission power smaller than the first transmission power when it executes a pairing process.

Abstract: In the head positioning apparatus of a disk-shaped information recording medium using the sector-servo-method, track codes are recorded in advance so as to be repeated every 12 tracks in the servo sectors of the disk-shaped information recording medium, the track are reproduced with a head, and a distance between the current position of the head and a target track is detected from the reproduced signal of the track codes with a resolution of 1/2.sup.7 of track width, then the head is moved to the target track so as to decrease the distance, when the head reaches the range of the width of .+-.6 tracks of the target track, an expanded head position signal having the resolution of 1/2.sup.7 is generated, and the head is controlled on the basis of the expanded head position signal and is finally settled to the target track.

Abstract: Track codes are recorded in advance so as to be repeated every 12 tracks, and burst signals .alpha. and .beta. are also recorded in advance so as to be repeated every 2 tracks, in the servo sectors of the disk-shaped information recording medium; the track codes and the burst signals .alpha. and .beta. are reproduced with a data head, and a distance between the current position of the data head and a target track is detected from the reproduced signal of the track codes with a resolution of 1/2.sup.2 of track width, then the data head is moved to the target track so as to decrease the distance; when the data head reaches the range of the width of .+-.6 tracks of the target track, an expanded data head position signal having the resolution of 1/2.sup.2 is generated; and thereby the data head is controlled.

Abstract: In a rotatable recording medium, three servo-patterns are discretely formed in the circular direction. A first servo-pattern is made of at least three-phase dibit patterns each having a period of 3 tracks; a second servo-pattern is made of two-phase dibit patterns having a period of 12 tracks and a shift of 3 tracks from each other; and a third servo-pattern is made of a dibit pattern having a period of 6 tracks and a shift of at least 1.5 tracks from the second servo-pattern. Based on reproduction signals derived from the three servo-patterns on the recording medium, relative position of a head against the recording medium is recognized with a precision up to (1/2.sup.N) of a track width using only a binary-valued process.

Abstract: Plural reserve servo sectors are provided to the outside of the outside and inside circumferences of the data recording track area of a sector servo type magnetic disk. Plural reserve tracks are likewise provided in this area. Using these reserve servo sectors and tracks, the position of the magnetic head is recognized even if the head skips outside the data recording track area due to magnetic head overshoot during track access, and seek errors are quickly determined and the disk re-accessed if the magnetic head is positioned in the reserve track due to a seek error or other cause. Sectors to which data relating to the protection of the magnetic disk itself or to the data files written to the data recording track area of the disk are also provided in the reserve tracks, and these sectors are referenced for data protection.

Abstract: A target moving distance of an actuator is provided and a acceleration time of the actuator suitable for the target moving distance are calculated on the basis of a preset equation. Then, a starting position of the actuator is set. It is judged if the starting position is in the range where an unevenness of force of the actuator occurs. When the starting position is not in the range, the actuator is shifted to the starting position and then is accelerated for the acceleration time. On the other hand, when the starting position is in the range, a correction time to the acceleration time is obtained based on a fuzzy inference calculation and added to the acceleration time. The actuator is shifted to the starting position and accelerated for a corrected acceleration time which is obtained by the fuzzy inference calculation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high speed, high precision control of an actuator. An initializing process sets control signals for moving the actuator a set of predetermined distances using fuzzy logic. Control of actuator movement is then performed using these predetermined set control signals and their corresponding distances. Movement of the actuator to target distance lying between the control signal distances are achieved by an interpolation operation using fuzzy logic.

Abstract: A position control system equipped with a driving unit including a mover and a stator giving a relative moving force to the mover comprises a position detector for outputting polyphase alternating signals different in phase from each other, a carrier signal generator for generating carrier signals to be modulated by the signals thus outputted, a digital sample-holder for demodulating a position-angle information signal of the modulated carrier signals and a digital calculator for calculating a driving signal to the driving unit. Thus, the position control system makes it possible to provide with a high resolution positioning, low power consumption, high stiffness, prevention of out of stepping, and high speed and vibrationless settling.

Abstract: A position control system for a disk storage drive system which includes a data transducer for recording and playback of the information stored in a desired data track of an information storage disk having a plurality of data storage tracks thereon, includes: a driver unit for actuating the data transducer; a position encoder of detecting a variation in movement of the data transducer and for producing a current position signal thereof; a tracking error detector for producing a tracking error signal upon detecting a positional difference of the data transducer from the desired data track; a track deflection estimator for estimating a deflection of track resulting from either eccentricity or undulation of the data track and for generating a feed-forward signal based on the estimation, and a discrete-time control loop for controlling the driver unit in accordance with the tracking error signal.

Abstract: A position control system is disclosed for positioning a stepping motor to a target position according to a closed loop control system. The closed loop control system controls the position of the stepping motor according to a current position signal outputted from an encoder operatively coupled to the stepping motor. Furthermore, circuitry is provided for correcting electrically a torque angle error of the stepping motor caused by a positional error between the stepping motor and the encoder due to a mechanical mounting error of the encoder, to thereby drive the stepping motor at a torque angle maintained at the most desirable range.

Abstract: A magnetic detector of the present invention employs magneto-resistive elements and detects magnetic teeth of an object to be detected, and more particularly, a constant DC magnetic field is supplied to the magneto-resistive elements in such a way so as to avoid a non-linear region of the DC magnetic field to permit the use of such elements in the region exhibiting good linearity. The present invention provides the DC magnetic field to the magneto-resistive elements by employing a simple structure wherein the magneto-resistive elements are arranged inclined relative to the magnetic field defined between a permanent magnet and the magnetic teeth. Furthermore, the magneto-resistive elements having two phases delayed by .pi./2 are used in a half-bridge so as to improve the stability, waveform distortion, etc. with respect to the temperature of the detected signal.

Abstract: An optical disk drive apparatus, for data or information disks of which the data or information are able to record or playback on each of the recording tracks, comprises an optical rotary pick-up head actuator for both seeking and following to the recording track to read or write data signals by a light beam. The light beam is injected along the axis of rotation of the optical rotary pick-up head actuator; guided through a stick-shaped prism in cantilever form which is fixed by one side on the optical rotary pick-up head actuator and is unsuspended by the other side; and focused upon the recording surface of the disk through an objective lens which can be rotatively moved and controlled with the optical rotary pick-up head actuator in the direction to seeking the tracks. An reflective light beam from the recording surface of the disk is guided in the reverse order and is taken out from the center axis of rotation.

Abstract: A brushless linear servomotor utilizes a first member provided with magnetic teeth having a large number of teeth-salients and slots arranged lengthwise of the first member at regular pitches and a second member which is moveable along the first member and has at least one magnetic core with magnetic teeth groups engraved thereon at surfaces opposite to the first member, and having a coil wound around each of the magnetic cores and further having a guide arranged to keep a constant gap between the first and second members. A number of non-contact detectors are connected to the second member so as to detect the salients and slots of the magnetic teeth of the first member. An electronic commutator and an electronic scale circuit are both connected to the non-contact detectors.

Abstract: A two-axis positioning system comprising three linear motors, two of which are spaced at a predetermined interval and disposed movably in the direction of a first axis and another one of which is supported by two motors and made movable in the direction of a second axis, the three motors having position control loops independent of or related with each other corresponding to input movement command signals in the directions of the first and second axes.

Abstract: A linear motor comprising; a pair of iron cores with plural magnetic teeth groups in which phase is shifted 180 degrees in the direction of its movement, a movable element in which groups of magnetic teeth on the same iron core have the same phases, plural rows of magnetic teeth positioned crossing the direction of the movable element's movement at right angles and a fixed element in which mutual phase is shifted as much as n/m.multidot.P (m is the number of phases of the linear motor, n is an integer where m>n and P is the pitch of magnetic teeth).

Abstract: A linear motor of which is mover and its stator have magnetic teeth and is arranged such that the mover can move linearly on the stator while maintaining a constant gap with respect to the stator. The motor has a permanent magnet which is long in the longitudinal direction of the stator and two cores which are stacked perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the stator with said permanent magnet between them. A plurality of coils, each of which is wound over the two cores and the permanent magnet and has a magnetization axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stator. Each of the two cores has n groups (wherein n is an integer) of magnetic teeth facing the stator and each of the n group of magnetic teeth is arranged such that the pitch of a tooth is constant and is the same as that of the magnetic teeth of the stator but the phases of the magnetic teeth of each group are different from each other.

Abstract: A switching means detects a malfunction due to an open circuited or broken state of a temperature sensing element. The switching means overrides a normal control by the temperature sensing element of a heater, so the heater is de-energized by the switching means and possible uncontrolled, dangerous activation of the heater is prevented.