Abstract: An electronic control method for a throttle by an electronic control throttle device that controls the throttle while an electronic control unit generates a control signal based on an input data signal. The method may include calculating an engine rotation speed deviation from a difference between an engine rotation speed and an input engine rotation speed command, calculating an engine rotational acceleration based on the engine rotation speed, obtaining a proportional torque from a product of the engine rotation speed deviation and a predetermined coefficient, obtaining an integral torque by integrating a value obtained by subtracting a product of the engine rotational acceleration and the predetermined coefficient from the product of the engine rotation speed deviation and the predetermined coefficient, and generating a control signal for the throttle by using a sum of the proportional torque and the integral torque as a value of a torque command.

Abstract: An electronic control method for a throttle by an electronic control throttle device that controls the throttle while an electronic control unit generates a control signal based on an input data signal. The method may include calculating an engine rotation speed deviation from a difference between an engine rotation speed and an input engine rotation speed command, calculating an engine rotational acceleration based on the engine rotation speed, obtaining a proportional torque from a product of the engine rotation speed deviation and a predetermined coefficient, obtaining an integral torque by integrating a value obtained by subtracting a product of the engine rotational acceleration and the predetermined coefficient from the product of the engine rotation speed deviation and the predetermined coefficient, and generating a control signal for the throttle by using a sum of the proportional torque and the integral torque as a value of a torque command.

Abstract: A formed body includes a base material, an adhesive layer, and a cellulose acylate film. The base material is formed of a thermoplastic resin and is in the form of a transparent sheet. The adhesive layer bonds the base material and the cellulose acylate film. The cellulose acylate film has a thickness in a range of 15 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, and is formed of cellulose acylate including an ester oligomer or a sugar ester derivative.

Abstract: A formed body includes a base material, an adhesive layer, and a cellulose acylate film. The base material is formed of a thermoplastic resin and is in the form of a transparent sheet. The adhesive layer bonds the base material and the cellulose acylate film. The cellulose acylate film has a thickness in a range of 15 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, and is formed of cellulose acylate including an ester oligomer or a sugar ester derivative.

Abstract: A formed body includes a base material, an adhesive layer, and a cellulose acylate film. The base material is formed of a thermoplastic resin and is in the form of a transparent sheet. The adhesive layer bonds the base material and the cellulose acylate film. The cellulose acylate film has a thickness in a range of 15 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, and is formed of cellulose acylate including an ester oligomer or a sugar ester derivative.

Abstract: When control to maintain a constant engine rotation number is executed, the electronic control unit constantly monitors an error of detected throttle position data with respect to a desired throttle control value, executes a first stage of a failure judgment method to judge that a failure of a throttle control system has occurred in a case where an absolute value of the error exceeds a predetermined threshold value continuously for a predetermined time or longer, and executes a second stage of the failure judgment method to judge that a serious failure has occurred in the system in a case where a detected engine rotation number exceeds a predetermined rotation number continuously for a predetermined time or longer, to perform predetermined operations in accordance with the judgment results.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter provides a method for manufacturing a coating film whereby a problem of planarity in a plastic film wound up into a roll form can be eliminated and the coating film can be formed uniformly and precisely. There is therefore provided a method for manufacturing a coating film in which a plastic film wound into a roll form is wound off to be allowed to run and is fed while winding the film around a heat roller so as to eliminate deformations in the plastic film, and then a coating liquid is applied onto the plastic film, wherein in a position where wrinkles begin to form in the plastic film due to heating by the heat roller, the plastic film is pneumatically pressed by air jetted from an air nozzle at a pressure equal to or higher than a pressure at which the wrinkles disappear.

Abstract: When control to maintain a constant engine rotation number is executed, the electronic control unit constantly monitors an error of detected throttle position data with respect to a desired throttle control value, executes a first stage of a failure judgment method to judge that a failure of a throttle control system has occurred in a case where an absolute value of the error exceeds a predetermined threshold value continuously for a predetermined time or longer, and executes a second stage of the failure judgment method to judge that a serious failure has occurred in the system in a case where a detected engine rotation number exceeds a predetermined rotation number continuously for a predetermined time or longer, to perform predetermined operations in accordance with the judgment results.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter provides a method for manufacturing a coating film whereby a problem of planarity in a plastic film wound up into a roll form can be eliminated and the coating film can be formed uniformly and precisely. There is therefore provided a method for manufacturing a coating film in which a plastic film wound into a roll form is wound off to be allowed to run and is fed while winding the film around a heat roller so as to eliminate deformations in the plastic film, and then a coating liquid is applied onto the plastic film, wherein in a position where wrinkles begin to form in the plastic film due to heating by the heat roller, the plastic film is pneumatically pressed by air jetted from an air nozzle at a pressure equal to or higher than a pressure at which the wrinkles disappear.