Abstract: A hydrogen generator that can be operated in a broad temperature range is disclosed, which comprises a first ammonia conversion part having a hydrogen-generating material which reacts with ammonia in a first temperature range so as to generate hydrogen; a second ammonia conversion part having an ammonia-decomposing catalyst which decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen in a second temperature range; an ammonia supply part which supplies ammonia; and an ammonia supply passage which supplies ammonia from said ammonia supply part to the first and second ammonia conversion parts. The first temperature range includes temperatures lower than the second temperature range, and hydrogen is generated from ammonia by selectively using the first and second ammonia conversion parts. An ammonia-burning internal combustion engine and a fuel cell having the hydrogen generator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for steel sheets for containers produces steel sheets with excellent film adhesion qualities. This steel sheet for containers has, on a steel sheet, a chemical conversion coating with a metal Zr content of 1-100 mg/m2, a P content of 0.1-50 mg/m2, and an F content of no more than 0.1 mg/m2, upon which is formed a phenolic resin layer with a C content of 0.1-50 mg/m2. Moreover, the manufacturing method for steel sheets for containers is a method for obtaining the steel sheet for containers wherein the chemical conversion coating is formed on the steel sheet by subjecting the steel sheet to immersion in or electrolytic treatment with a treatment solution containing Zr ions, phosphoric acid ions, and F ions; and subsequently, the steel sheet upon which the chemical conversion coating has been formed is immersed in, or undergoes topical application of, an aqueous solution containing phenolic resin, then dried.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tin-plated steel sheet includes forming an Sn-containing plating layer on at least one surface of a steel sheet so that the mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; forming a first chemical conversion coating by immersing the steel sheet in a first chemical conversion solution containing tetravalent tin ions and phosphate ions or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet in the first chemical conversion solution; forming a second chemical conversion coating after forming the first chemical conversion coating without drying the steel sheet by immersing the steel sheet in a second chemical conversion solution containing 5 to 200 g/L of aluminum phosphate monobasic and having a pH of 1.5 to 2.4 or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet in the second chemical conversion solution; and drying the steel sheet.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for steel sheets for containers produces steel sheets with excellent film adhesion qualities. In a method for manufacturing steel sheets upon which is formed a chemical conversion coating having a metal Zr content of 1-100 mg/m2 and F content of no more than 0.1 mg/m2, the chemical conversion coating is formed on the steel sheet by subjecting the steel sheet to immersion in or electrolytic treatment with a treatment solution containing Zr ions and F ions, and subsequently, the steel sheet upon which the chemical conversion coating has been formed is washed with water having a temperature of at least 80° C. and dried.

Abstract: Disclosed is a steel sheet for containers that maintains excellent corrosion resistance even when a surface treatment that replaces a chromate treatment has been conducted, and that has excellent film adhesion qualities and appearance. This steel plate for containers has, on at least one surface thereof, a chemical conversion coating including at least two coatings selected from a zirconium coating that contains zirconium and has a metal zirconium content of 0.1-9 mg/m2, a phosphate coating that contains phosphoric acid and has a phosphorous content of 0.1-8 mg/m2, and a phenolic resin coating that contains phenolic resin in an amount of 0.5-8 mg/m2 in terms of carbon, the percentage of the area of the surface of the chemical conversion coating layer having particles Of a prescribed size being 0.1-50%.

Abstract: An ammonia-engine system is capable of supplying an ammonia cracking catalyst with a temperature necessary to promote a reaction even during low load operation in which a temperature of an exhaust gas from an ammonia engine is lower than an operating temperature of the ammonia cracking catalyst. In an ammonia-engine system provided with an ammonia engine (2) using ammonia as fuel and an ammonia cracking device (5) including an ammonia cracking catalyst that cracks ammonia and cracking ammonia to produce hydrogen, an ammonia oxidizing device (4) is provided between the ammonia engine (2) and the ammonia cracking device (5).

Abstract: Provided are a Cr-free surface-treated steel sheet that has excellent humid resin adhesion and corrosion resistance and that exhibits no streak-like surface defects, a method for manufacturing such a surface-treated steel sheet, and a resin-covered steel sheet using such a surface-treated steel sheet. A surface-treated steel sheet includes a steel sheet; a corrosion-resistant coating, on at least one side thereof, that is composed of at least one layer selected from a Ni layer, a Sn layer, an Fe—Ni alloy layer, an Fe—Sn alloy layer, and an Fe—Ni—Sn alloy layer; and an adherent coating, on the corrosion-resistant coating, that contains Zr and at least one species selected from P derived from a phosphoric acid and C derived from a phenolic resin in a total mass ratio to Zr of 0.01 to 10.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen from water is provided. The hydrogen production process includes splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the process includes decomposing sulfuric acid into water, sulfur dioxide and oxygen through a reaction of formula (X1) by using solar thermal energy, wherein at least a part of the elementary reaction of formula (X1-1) is performed using thermal solar energy, and at least a part of the elementary reaction of formula (X1-2) is performed using additional thermal energy other than solar thermal energy, and wherein the heating temperature by the additional thermal energy is higher by 10° C. or more than the heating temperature by the solar thermal energy, and at least a part of the additional thermal energy is generated in a reaction vessel: (X1) H2SO4?H2O+SO2+1/2O2, (X1-1) H2SO4?H2O+SO3, and (X1-2) SO3?SO2+1/2O2.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a surface-treated steel sheet which contains no Cr, which is excellent in wet resin adhesion, and which can be used as an alternative to a conventional tin-free steel sheet and to provide a resin-coated steel sheet produced by coating the surface-treated steel sheet with resin. A surface-treated steel sheet including an adhesive layer which is disposed on at least one surface of the steel sheet and which contains Ti and at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Mn, and Zn, the ratio of the total amount of Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Mn, and Zn to the amount of Ti contained therein being 0.01 to ten on a mass basis, and a method for producing the surface-treated steel sheet.

Abstract: A tinned steel sheet includes an Sn-containing plating layer disposed on at least one surface of a steel sheet and in which mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; a first chemical conversion coating disposed on the Sn-containing plating layer and contains P and Sn, and in which mass per unit area of P is 0.3 to 10 mg/m2; a second chemical conversion coating disposed on the first chemical conversion coating and contains P and Al, and in which mass per unit area of P is 1.2 to 10 mg/m2 and mass per unit area of Al is 0.24 to 8.7 mg/m2; and a silane coupling agent-treating layer formed with the silane coupling agent disposed on the second chemical conversion coating and has a mass per unit area of Si of 0.10 to 100 mg/m2.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire provided with a resin film at an outer surface of the tire side portion to be able to be exfoliated therefrom by pasting a smooth resin film having a melting point equal to or higher than 23° C., a Young's modulus equal to or larger than 2.5 GPa and a thickness of 10 through 150 ?m to an outer surface of a side portion of an unvulcanized tire and vulcanizing and molding the unvulcanized tire in a state of pasting the resin film.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator that can be operated in a broad temperature range is disclosed, which comprises a first ammonia conversion part having a hydrogen-generating material which reacts with ammonia in a first temperature range so as to generate hydrogen; a second ammonia conversion part having an ammonia-decomposing catalyst which decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen in a second temperature range; an ammonia supply part which supplies ammonia; and an ammonia supply passage which supplies ammonia from said ammonia supply part to the first and second ammonia conversion parts. The first temperature range includes temperatures lower than the second temperature range, and hydrogen is generated from ammonia by selectively using the first and second ammonia conversion parts. An ammonia-burning internal combustion engine and a fuel cell having the hydrogen generator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tin-plated steel sheet includes forming an Sn-containing plating layer on at least one surface of a steel sheet so that the mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; forming a first chemical conversion coating by immersing the steel sheet in a first chemical conversion solution containing tetravalent tin ions and phosphate ions or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet in the first chemical conversion solution; forming a second chemical conversion coating after forming the first chemical conversion coating without drying the steel sheet by immersing the steel sheet in a second chemical conversion solution containing 5 to 200 g/L of aluminum phosphate monobasic and having a pH of 1.5 to 2.4 or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet in the second chemical conversion solution; and drying the steel sheet.

Abstract: The separator of which the region facing the MEA is a flat includes the first electrode facing plate and the second electrode facing plate. The separator includes the reaction gas supply manifold to which the reaction gas is supplied. The first electrode facing plate includes a plurality of reaction gas supply holes formed at the end of the cell-reaction region. The intermediate plate includes a plurality of reaction gas supply path slits that forms the reaction gas supply paths, wherein each of the reaction gas supply paths has one end connected to the reaction gas supply manifold and other end connected to at least one of the plurality of reaction gas supply holes.

Abstract: A method of producing a tinned steel sheet that includes forming an Sn-containing plating layer on at least one surface of a steel sheet with a mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; immersing the steel sheet in a chemical conversion solution containing 60 g/L or more and 200 g/L or less of aluminum phosphate monobasic and which has a pH of 1.5 to 2.4 or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet at a current density of 10 A/dm2 or less in the chemical conversion solution; and drying the steel sheet to form a chemical conversion coating.

Abstract: A smooth resin film including an ultraviolet ray absorbing agent is pasted to an outer surface of a side portion of an unvulcanized tire, the unvulcanized tire is vulcanized and molded in a state of pasting the resin film, thereby, a pneumatic tire provided with the resin film at the outer surface of the tire side portion to be able to be exfoliated therefrom is fabricated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method purify hydrogen from a mixed fluid containing gaseous hydrogen, gaseous oxygen, and liquid water. The apparatus has a mixed fluid channel through which the mixed fluid flows; a first gas channel through which a mixed gas containing gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen flows; a second gas channel through which gaseous hydrogen or oxygen flows; a gas-liquid separating membrane forming a wall between the mixed fluid channel and the first gas channel, separating the mixed gas from the mixed fluid of the mixed fluid channel, and providing the separated mixed gas to the first gas channel; and a hydrogen or oxygen separating membrane forming a wall between the first gas channel and the second gas channel, separating gaseous hydrogen or oxygen from the mixed gas of the first gas channel, and providing the separated gaseous hydrogen or oxygen to the second gas channel.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for efficient synthesis of ammonia. The process includes a water-splitting step in which water is decomposed to obtain a first source gas comprising hydrogen and oxygen, a first oxygen removal step in which the oxygen contained in the first source gas is at least partially separated and removed by an oxygen separating membrane or hydrogen separating membrane to obtain a second source gas having a lower oxygen concentration than the first source gas, a second oxygen removal step in which the oxygen in the second source gas is reacted with hydrogen to produce water for removal, or is adsorbed onto an adsorption medium for removal, to obtain a third source gas having a lower oxygen concentration than the second source gas, and an ammonia synthesis step in which the hydrogen in the third source gas is reacted with nitrogen to synthesize ammonia.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen from water is provided. The hydrogen production process includes splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the process includes decomposing sulfuric acid into water, sulfur dioxide and oxygen through a reaction of formula (X1) by using solar thermal energy, wherein at least a part of the elementary reaction of formula (X1-1) is performed using thermal solar energy, and at least a part of the elementary reaction of formula (X1-2) is performed using additional thermal energy other than solar thermal energy, and wherein the heating temperature by the additional thermal energy is higher by 10° C.

Abstract: An ammonia synthesis apparatus includes: a first gas channel; a second gas channel disposed outside the first gas channel; a third gas channel disposed outside the second gas channel; an air supply unit that supplies air to the second or third gas channel; a water supply unit that supplies water to the first gas channel; and a heat supply unit that supplies heat to the first gas channel. A metal or a metal oxide that reduces water to produce hydrogen is placed in the first gas channel. An ammonia synthesis catalyst is placed in the second gas channel located downstream of the downstream end portion of the first gas channel. The second and third gas channels are at least partially partitioned by an oxygen permeation membrane, or a nitrogen permeation membrane, so that oxygen is supplied to the third gas channel, and nitrogen is supplied to the second gas channel.