Abstract: A hydraulic braking system includes: a stroke simulator; a pump configured to suck and discharge working fluid; a hydraulic brake including a brake cylinder connected to the pump; a suction mechanism including a reservoir, a suction portion of the pump, and a suction passage connecting between the reservoir and the suction portion of the pump; a first simulator passage connecting between the stroke simulator and the suction mechanism at a first connecting portion of the suction mechanism; a second simulator passage connecting between the stroke simulator and the suction mechanism in parallel with the first simulator passage at a second connecting portion of the suction mechanism, the second connecting portion being farther from the suction portion of the pump than the first connecting portion; and a flow restricting device provided on the second simulator passage.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a means capable of transferring a cell sheet, a cell pattern or the like to a desired material at a high speed. The present invention provides a substrate for cell culture comprising a base and a cell adhesive region formed on a surface of the base, wherein the cell adhesive region is formed of a film that is rendered cell adhesive by applying an oxidation treatment and/or a decomposition treatment to a cell-adhesion inhibitory hydrophilic film containing an organic compound having a carbon-oxygen bond.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing a biological test under conditions in which an artificially prepared cell pattern with initial position coordinates that can be determined is three-dimensionally cultured within a gelled matrix. The present invention relates to a biological test method that comprises testing a biological indicator with reference to at least one selected from the group consisting of cell proliferation, cell movement, and cell differentiation in a cell pattern substantially embedded in gel. The present invention also relates to a kit for the biological test method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing a biological test under conditions in which an artificially prepared cell pattern with initial position coordinates that can be determined is three-dimensionally cultured within a gelled matrix. The present invention relates to a biological test method that comprises testing a biological indicator with reference to at least one selected from the group consisting of cell proliferation, cell movement, and cell differentiation in a cell pattern substantially embedded in gel. The present invention also relates to a kit for the biological test method.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to inexpensively produce a carrier having a hydrophilic spacer, for immobilizing biological materials, etc., which has been very expensive so far.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing a biological test under conditions in which an artificially prepared cell pattern with initial position coordinates that can be determined is three-dimensionally cultured within a gelled matrix. The present invention relates to a biological test method that comprises testing a biological indicator with reference to at least one selected from the group consisting of cell proliferation, cell movement, and cell differentiation in a cell pattern substantially embedded in gel. The present invention also relates to a kit for the biological test method.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to inexpensively produce a carrier having a hydrophilic spacer, for immobilizing biological materials, etc., which has been very expensive so far.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing a biological test under conditions in which an artificially prepared cell pattern with initial position coordinates that can be determined is three-dimensionally cultured within a gelled matrix. The present invention relates to a biological test method that comprises testing a biological indicator with reference to at least one selected from the group consisting of cell proliferation, cell movement, and cell differentiation in a cell pattern substantially embedded in gel. The present invention also relates to a kit for the biological test method.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a means capable of transferring a cell sheet, a cell pattern or the like to a desired material at a high speed. The present invention provides a substrate for cell culture comprising a base and a cell adhesive region formed on a surface of the base, wherein the cell adhesive region is formed of a film that is rendered cell adhesive by applying an oxidation treatment and/or a decomposition treatment to a cell-adhesion inhibitory hydrophilic film containing an organic compound having a carbon-oxygen bond.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting a vehicle performance evaluation test by automatically depressing a control member of the vehicle to be depressed by a vehicle operator uses an actuator of a vehicle performance evaluation test apparatus. The actuator depresses the control member, the actuator having a first end and a second end. The first end of the actuator is fixed to a seat of the vehicle. The second end of the actuator is engaged with the control member of the vehicle. The actuator is caused to exert a depressing force to depress the control member relative to the seat so as to automatically depress the control member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting a vehicle performance evaluation test by automatically depressing a control member of the vehicle to be depressed by a vehicle operator uses an actuator of a vehicle performance evaluation test apparatus. The actuator depresses the control member, the actuator having a first end and a second end. The first end of the actuator is fixed to a seat of the vehicle The second end of the actuator is engaged with the control member of the vehicle. The actuator is caused to exert a depressing force to depress the control member relative to the seat so as to automatically depress the control member.

Abstract: A fluid leakage preventing device incorporated in a hydraulically-operated system which includes an accumulator for storing a working fluid under pressure, an actuator operated by the fluid supplied from the accumulator, and a control valve having an open position and a closed position for fluid communication and disconnection between the accumulator and the actuator, respectively. The fluid leakage preventing device includes a fluid leakage detector for generating an output signal indicative of the leakage flow of the fluid from said accumulator through the control valve placed in the closed position. The device further includes a valve reciprocating arrangement responsive to the output signal of said fluid leakage detector, for effecting at least one reciprocating movement of a valving member of the control valve.