Abstract: A method for applying agency and regulation modeling in a multi-tenant architecture system includes accessing merchant's representation in an identity manager. The merchant is managed via a full representation by an original identity manager. The method includes performing a first service for the merchant via the representation, and determining, based on results of the first service and on policies of the first service provider, that performance of a second service is required for completion of the first service. The second service is provided by a second service provider onboarded into the first service provider, where the second service amends policy requirements of the first service provider. The method includes accessing a first subservice of the second service using the representation to generate second results for use at a second subservice of the second service, the second subservice configured to use transaction resources of the first representation.

Abstract: A method for managing entities in a multi-tenant marketplace architecture system is discussed. The method includes determining that a merchant is represented as a first representation in a first hierarchical data structure and as a second representation in a second hierarchical data structure, where both the first and second hierarchical data structures are managed by a first service provider. The merchant is being managed via a full representation in an original hierarchical data structure by a marketplace service provider. The first and second representations provide outbound services via the first hierarchical data structure and via the second hierarchical data structure, respectively. The method also includes linking the first representation with the second representation to configure the first and second representations for propagating results of an inbound service applied to one of the first and second representations to a remaining one of the first and second representations.

Abstract: A method for facilitating transactions between tenants in in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a multi-tenant platform, from a first service of a first tenant of the multi-tenant platform to access a second service of a second tenant of the multi-tenant platform to perform a transaction, in which the request includes a first access token usable to authenticate the transaction with the first tenant. The method includes generating, by the multi-tenant platform using the first access token, a universal access token. The method includes generating, by the multi-tenant platform using the universal access token, a second access token useable to authenticate the transaction with the second tenant. The method includes using, by the multi-tenant platform, the second access token to communicate with the second service to perform the transaction.

Abstract: A method for facilitating transactions between tenants in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a multi-tenant platform, from a first service of a first tenant of the multi-tenant platform to access a second service of a second tenant of the multi-tenant platform to perform a transaction, in which the request includes a first access token usable to authenticate the transaction with the first tenant. The method includes generating, by the multi-tenant platform using the first access token, a universal access token. The method includes generating, by the multi-tenant platform using the universal access token, a second access token useable to authenticate the transaction with the second tenant. The method includes using, by the multi-tenant platform, the second access token to communicate with the second service to perform the transaction.

Abstract: A method for using unified transaction services in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a first service provider, to provide a first transaction service for a user. The method includes accessing a first representation of the first service provider in a first hierarchical data structure, the first hierarchical data structure being managed by a second service provider, the second service provider managing user identity of the user. The method includes determining, based on the first representation, that transaction resources required for completion of the first transaction service are provided at the second service provider using a resource representation. The method also includes, responsive to determining that the transaction resources are accessible at the first service provider, accessing, at the first service provider, the transaction resources via the resource representation.

Abstract: A method for processing disputes in a multi-tenant architecture system includes receiving, at a first service provider, a dispute request from a second service provider that manages entity identities of a plurality of customers. The dispute request indicates a disputed transaction between a customer of the plurality of customers and another entity. The method includes accessing an identity manager to determine a customer representation, the identity manager previously onboarded the plurality of customers as a plurality of customer representations. The identity manager is hosted by the first service provider that manages customer representations corresponding to entity identities of the customers. The dispute request is propagated with the customer representation to a dispute management engine that determines an outcome for the dispute, the determination based on characteristics of the disputed transaction and on characteristics of the customer.

Abstract: A method for using unified identities in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a first service provider, to provide a service for a user. The method includes accessing a representation of a second service provider in a first hierarchical data structure managed by the first service provider. The method includes determining that user data required for the service is managed by the second service provider that manages user identity of the user. The method includes determining that the representation is linked with a full identity reference for the second service provider in a second hierarchical data structure managed by the second service provider. The method includes accessing the user data at the second hierarchical data structure using the full identity reference. The method includes accessing the service via the lightweight identity reference and using the user data at the first service provider.

Abstract: A method for using unified transaction services in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a first service provider, to provide a first transaction service for a user. The method includes accessing a first representation of the first service provider in a first hierarchical data structure, the first hierarchical data structure being managed by a second service provider, the second service provider managing user identity of the user. The method includes determining, based on the first representation, that transaction resources required for completion of the first transaction service are provided at the second service provider using a resource representation. The method also includes, responsive to determining that the transaction resources are accessible at the first service provider, accessing, at the first service provider, the transaction resources via the resource representation.

Abstract: A method for managing disbursement signals at a payment system is discussed. The method includes selecting a source of a general disbursement signal indicating a requested transfer of a first portion of funds from a buyer account to a general account at the payment system. The method includes determining an event for transferring a second portion of the funds from the general account to a merchant account. The method includes selecting, based on the event, a source of a merchant signal, the merchant signal indicating a requested transfer of the second portion of the funds from the general account to the merchant account. The method also includes configuring a disbursement module to trigger a transfer of the first portion of the funds in response to receiving the general signal and to trigger a transfer of the second portion of the funds in response to receiving the merchant signal.

Abstract: A method for processing disputes in a multi-tenant architecture system includes receiving, at a first service provider, a dispute request from a second service provider that manages entity identities of a plurality of customers. The dispute request indicates a disputed transaction between a customer of the plurality of customers and another entity. The method includes accessing an identity manager to determine a customer representation, the identity manager previously onboarded the plurality of customers as a plurality of customer representations. The identity manager is hosted by the first service provider that manages customer representations corresponding to entity identities of the customers. The dispute request is propagated with the customer representation to a dispute management engine that determines an outcome for the dispute, the determination based on characteristics of the disputed transaction and on characteristics of the customer.

Abstract: A method for using unified identities in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a first service provider, to provide a service for a user. The method includes accessing a representation of a second service provider in a first hierarchical data structure managed by the first service provider. The method includes determining that user data required for the service is managed by the second service provider that manages user identity of the user. The method includes determining that the representation is linked with a full identity reference for the second service provider in a second hierarchical data structure managed by the second service provider. The method includes accessing the user data at the second hierarchical data structure using the full identity reference. The method includes accessing the service via the lightweight identity reference and using the user data at the first service provider.

Abstract: A method for reconfiguring disbursement signals at a payment system is discussed. The method includes receiving a general disbursement signal for triggering a first fund transfer of a portion of funds from a buyer account to a general account at the payment system, the first fund transfer for purchasing an item via a marketplace. The method includes, in response to receiving the general disbursement signal, performing the first fund transfer. The method includes determining whether a merchant disbursement signal is received from a second source, the merchant disbursement signal for triggering a second fund transfer of a portion of the funds from the general account to the merchant account. The method also includes determining, based on whether the merchant disbursement signal is received from the second source, whether to reconfigure a disbursement module to receive a different merchant disbursement signal for triggering the second fund transfer.

Abstract: A martensitic stainless steel containing, by mass %, C: 0.20% to 0.40%, N: 0.1% or less, Mo: 3% or less, and Cr: 12.0% to 16.0%, such that 0.3%?C+N?0.4% and a PI value (=Cr+3.3Mo+16N) is 18 or more, with the remainder being substantially Fe and unavoidable impurities is quenched from a temperature of 1,030° C. to 1,140° C. and subjected to a subzero treatment and tempering so as to obtain a prior austenite crystal grain size of a surface layer of 30 ?m to 100 ?m and a surface hardness of 58 HRc to 62 HRc.

Abstract: A method for managing entities in a multi-tenant marketplace architecture system is discussed. The method includes determining that a merchant is represented as a first representation in a first hierarchical data structure and as a second representation in a second hierarchical data structure, where both the first and second hierarchical data structures are managed by a first service provider. The merchant is being managed via a full representation in an original hierarchical data structure by a marketplace service provider. The first and second representations provide outbound services via the first hierarchical data structure and via the second hierarchical data structure, respectively. The method also includes linking the first representation with the second representation to configure the first and second representations for propagating results of an inbound service applied to one of the first and second representations to a remaining one of the first and second representations.

Abstract: A method for processing disputes in a multi-tenant architecture system includes receiving, at a first service provider, a dispute request from a second service provider that manages entity identities of a plurality of customers. The dispute request indicates a disputed transaction between a customer of the plurality of customers and another entity. The method includes accessing an identity manager to determine a customer representation, the identity manager previously onboarded the plurality of customers as a plurality of customer representations. The identity manager is hosted by the first service provider that manages customer representations corresponding to entity identities of the customers. The dispute request is propagated with the customer representation to a dispute management engine that determines an outcome for the dispute, the determination based on characteristics of the disputed transaction and on characteristics of the customer.

Abstract: A method for facilitating transactions between tenants in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a multi-tenant platform, from a first service of a first tenant of the multi-tenant platform to access a second service of a second tenant of the multi-tenant platform to perform a transaction, in which the request includes a first access token usable to authenticate the transaction with the first tenant. The method includes generating, by the multi-tenant platform using the first access token, a universal access token. The method includes generating, by the multi-tenant platform using the universal access token, a second access token useable to authenticate the transaction with the second tenant. The method includes using, by the multi-tenant platform, the second access token to communicate with the second service to perform the transaction.

Abstract: A method for using unified identities in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a first service provider, to provide a service for a user. The method includes accessing a representation of a second service provider in a first hierarchical data structure managed by the first service provider. The method includes determining that user data required for the service is managed by the second service provider that manages user identity of the user. The method includes determining that the representation is linked with a full identity reference for the second service provider in a second hierarchical data structure managed by the second service provider. The method includes accessing the user data at the second hierarchical data structure using the full identity reference. The method includes accessing the service via the lightweight identity reference and using the user data at the first service provider.

Abstract: A method for applying agency and regulation modeling in a multi-tenant architecture system includes accessing merchant's representation in an identity manager. The merchant is managed via a full representation by an original identity manager. The method includes performing a first service for the merchant via the representation, and determining, based on results of the first service and on policies of the first service provider, that performance of a second service is required for completion of the first service. The second service is provided by a second service provider onboarded into the first service provider, where the second service amends policy requirements of the first service provider. The method includes accessing a first subservice of the second service using the representation to generate second results for use at a second subservice of the second service, the second subservice configured to use transaction resources of the first representation.

Abstract: A method for using unified transaction services in a multi-tenant architecture system is discussed. The method includes receiving a request, at a first service provider, to provide a first transaction service for a user. The method includes accessing a first representation of the first service provider in a first hierarchical data structure, the first hierarchical data structure being managed by a second service provider, the second service provider managing user identity of the user. The method includes determining, based on the first representation, that transaction resources required for completion of the first transaction service are provided at the second service provider using a resource representation. The method also includes, responsive to determining that the transaction resources are accessible at the first service provider, accessing, at the first service provider, the transaction resources via the resource representation.

Abstract: A method for managing transaction queues is discussed. The method includes receiving, from a marketplace, a first communication indicating a cart, the cart comprising items for purchase, the items originating from one or more sellers. The method includes performing a first risk analysis on the cart to determine whether to accept the cart for processing into a queue, the first risk analysis being a cart-level analysis. The method also includes, in response to determining to accept the cart, adding requested transactions for the items to the queue. The method includes performing a de-queueing operation for a selected requested transaction from the queue for processing. The method also includes performing a second risk analysis on the selected requested transaction as part of determining whether to process a payment for the selected requested transaction, the second risk analysis being a transaction-level analysis.