Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, electrodes formed on the opposing surfaces of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer twisted in the gap between the pair of substrates at a predetermined twisted angle. A normal polarizing plate to exhibit a polarizing function for the whole visible light is arranged on the outer surface of an observation side substrate in the pair of substrates. A color polarizing plate to exhibit a polarizing function for visible light of a wavelength band other than a specific wavelength band is arranged on the outer surface of the opposite side substrate in the pair of substrates. A reflecting plate to reflect light entering from the observation side toward the observation side is arranged on a surface of the color polarizing plate that is opposite to the surface that opposes the opposite side substrate.

Abstract: An LCD apparatus includes an LCD panel having a color filter for a plurality of color components and having a plurality of pixels each associated with one of the color components of the color filter, and a side lighting-type backlight unit disposed under the LCD panel. The backlight unit includes a light guide and a light source disposed at least at one lateral end of the light guide, and further includes a reflecting layer on a side opposite to a side facing the LCD panel to reflect light coming towards the reflecting layer from the light guide. The color filter is configured to compensate a change in color spectrum in the ambient light that has passed through the LCD panel and the light guide and that has been reflected by the reflecting layer back to the light guide and the LCD panel so that the color temperature of white display of the LCD panel by the ambient light remains substantially the same as the color temperature of the original ambient light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel; a side-lit backlight that emits light towards the liquid crystal panel through a light guide plate, the backlight further having a reflection layer that reflects light that has passed through the liquid crystal panel and the light guide plate in that order; a first ?/4 plate disposed between a first polarizer and the first substrate, the first ?/4 plate having a retarded phase axis that is at a 45° angle with the transmission axis of the first polarizer; a second ?/4 plate disposed between a second polarizer and the second substrate, the second ?/4 plate having a retarded phase axis that is at 45° with the transmission axis of the second polarizer and that is perpendicular to the retarded phase axis of the first ?/4 plate; and a diffusion layer disposed between the first ?/4 plate and the first substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes steps of preparing first and second substrates, forming alignment films on one surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, performing rubbing treatment on the alignment films, screen-printing a seal member on the one surface of the first substrate so as to surround a display area, and stacking the first and second substrates on each other while the first surfaces face to each other, with rubbing directions of the alignment films on the first and second substrates being parallel to each other, and joining the first and second substrates through the seal member by curing the seal member while the first and second substrates are bonded to each other through the seal member. The screen-printing is performed while a squeegee is moved in a direction parallel to the rubbing direction of the alignment film formed on the first substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a light source, a dielectric multilayer film, and a transistor array. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The light source irradiates the liquid crystal layer with light through the first substrate. The dielectric multilayer film is provided on a surface of the first substrate, the surface facing the second substrate. The transistor array is provided on the dielectric multilayer film.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electron-collector/dye layer, and an electron donor. The second electrode faces the first electrode. The electron-collector/dye layer provided on the first electrode includes an electron collector and dye. The electron collector includes first electron collector grains and second electron collector grains. The first electron collector grains have a diameter or diameters within a first diameter range and the second electron collector grains have a diameter or diameters within a second diameter range. A minimum value of the second diameter range is greater than a maximum value of the first diameter range. The electron donor is provided between the electron-collector/dye layer and the second electrode.

Abstract: An LCD apparatus includes an LCD panel having a color filter for a plurality of color components and having a plurality of pixels each associated with one of the color components of the color filter, and a side lighting-type backlight unit disposed under the LCD panel. The backlight unit includes a light guide and a light source disposed at least at one lateral end of the light guide, and further includes a reflecting layer on a side opposite to a side facing the LCD panel to reflect light coming towards the reflecting layer from the light guide. The color filter is configured to compensate a change in color spectrum in the ambient light that has passed through the LCD panel and the light guide and that has been reflected by the reflecting layer back to the light guide and the LCD panel so that the color temperature of white display of the LCD panel by the ambient light remains substantially the same as the color temperature of the original ambient light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer sealed between a first substrate and a second substrate opposed to each other. Inner surfaces of the first and second substrates have been subjected to aligning treatment to splay-align liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal display further includes electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates to generate an alignment transition electric field to cause the liquid crystal molecules to transit from splay alignment to bend alignment. The alignment transition electric field includes a vertical electric field in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, and a horizontal electric field in a direction parallel to the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates to twist the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display cell, a second polarizing plate, a switching cell, a first reflective polarizing plate, and a surface light source, which are arranged in this order. The apparatus further includes a control driving unit to switch the switching cell between a first and second state. In the first state, plane of polarization of polarized light emitted by the surface light source and transmitted through the first reflective polarizing plate and the switching cell is coincident with a transmissive axis of the second polarizing plate. In the second state, a plane of polarization of the polarized light input to the liquid crystal display cell from the side of the first polarizing plate and transmitted through the second polarizing plate and the switching cell is coincident with a reflective axis of the first reflective polarizing plate.

Abstract: An LCD apparatus includes an LCD panel having a color filter for a plurality of color components and having a plurality of pixels each associated with one of the color components of the color filter, and a side lighting-type backlight unit disposed under the LCD panel. The backlight unit includes a light guide and a light source disposed at least at one lateral end of the light guide, and further includes a reflecting layer on a side opposite to a side facing the LCD panel to reflect light coming towards the reflecting layer from the light guide. The color filter is configured to compensate a change in color spectrum in the ambient light that has passed through the LCD panel and the light guide and that has been reflected by the reflecting layer back to the light guide and the LCD panel so that the color temperature of white display of the LCD panel by the ambient light remains substantially the same as the color temperature of the original ambient light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer sealed between a first substrate and a second substrate opposed to each other. Inner surfaces of the first and second substrates have been subjected to aligning treatment to splay-align liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal display further includes electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates to generate an alignment transition electric field to cause the liquid crystal molecules to transit from splay alignment to bend alignment. The alignment transition electric field includes a vertical electric field in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, and a horizontal electric field in a direction parallel to the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates to twist the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device includes a reflecting layer formed on a first substrate, a color separation layer formed on the reflecting layer, and a first electrode formed on the color separation layer. The device also includes second electrodes, switching thin film transistors, scanning lines, and signal lines, these components being formed on the second substrate. The second electrodes face the first electrode. The device also includes a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrodes. The liquid crystal layer includes a polymer dispersant and liquid crystal molecules. Each of the thin film transistors includes a gate electrode, source electrode and drain electrode. The scanning lines connect to the gate electrodes. The signal lines connect to corresponding one of source electrodes and drain electrodes. The other of the source electrodes and the drain electrodes connect to the corresponding second electrode.

Abstract: An LCD apparatus includes an LCD panel having a color filter for a plurality of color components and having a plurality of pixels each associated with one of the color components of the color filter, and a side lighting-type backlight unit disposed under the LCD panel. The backlight unit includes a light guide and a light source disposed at least at one lateral end of the light guide, and further includes a reflecting layer on a side opposite to a side facing the LCD panel to reflect light coming towards the reflecting layer from the light guide. The color filter is configured to compensate a change in color spectrum in the ambient light that has passed through the LCD panel and the light guide and that has been reflected by the reflecting layer back to the light guide and the LCD panel so that the color temperature of white display of the LCD panel by the ambient light remains substantially the same as the color temperature of the original ambient light.

Abstract: In front of a liquid crystal display element, a surface light source is arranged which emits a light toward the liquid crystal display element and lets lights coming from its front and its back permeate therethrough. The liquid crystal display element has reflection/permeation means which is provided behind a liquid crystal cell and a liquid crystal layer, and which reflects a part of a light that comes to each of a plurality of pixels from the front of the liquid crystal cell, and lets the other part of the light permeate the reflection/permeation means.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates subjected to an aligning treatment in mutually parallel but opposite directions, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, a first electrode bent into a “<” shape, and a second electrode formed via an insulating film with the first electrode. The first electrode comprises one linear section and another linear section that extend in directions that intersect the alignment treatment direction at different angles, a bent section that is provided at each end where the one linear section and the other linear section adjacent to each other and that extends in a direction that intersects the alignment treatment direction at an angle that is greater than each of the intersecting angles of the one linear section and the other linear section and the alignment treatment direction with respect to the alignment treatment directions.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal element that has a liquid crystal layer sealed in a space between a first substrate and a second substrate arranged face to face, a protective plate that is disposed so that the first substrate intervenes between the protective plate and the second substrate, a first polarizing plate that is disposed between the protective plate and the first substrate to be in close contact with the protective plate, and a first quarter-wavelength retardation plate that is disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing plate to be in close contact with the first polarizing plate. The protective plate is greater in area than the first substrate. The first polarizing plate has an absorption axis and the first quarter-wavelength retardation plate has a slow axis in a direction intersecting with the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate at an angle of 45°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device, a surface light source to irradiate illumination light toward the display device, and an optical member to reflect linearly polarized light having a light-vibration plane parallel to its reflection axis and to transmit linearly polarized light having a light-vibration plane parallel to its transmission axis. The display device includes a pair of substrates facing each other through a gap, a liquid crystal layer sealed into the gap between the substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates sandwiching the substrates therebetween. The substrates include electrodes formed on one of their facing surfaces. The optical member is arranged between the display device and the light source so that the reflection axis faces a direction crossing an absorption axis of the polarizing plate arranged between the display device and the light source at an angle falling within the 15° to 90° range.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a pair of substrates disposed at an observer side and at the opposite side to the observer side, a plurality of pixel electrodes and an opposing electrode which are formed on the internal surfaces of the pair of substrates, a reflective layer, and liquid crystal sealed between these substrates. Each pixel electrode has a reflective display region corresponding to the reflective layer for reflecting light that enters from the observer side to the observer side, and a transmissive display region for allowing light that enters from the opposite side to pass therethrough to the observer side. A liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer is formed on the internal surface of the substrate at the observer side, for setting the liquid crystal layer thickness in the reflective display region to be smaller than the liquid crystal layer thickness in the transmissive display region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device, a surface light source to irradiate light toward the device, an optical film disposed between the device and source, and a diffusion member disposed between the film and device. The device includes a pair of substrates facing to each other through a space with electrodes formed on at least one of opposite surfaces, a liquid crystal layer sealed into the space between the substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates arranged sandwiching the substrates therebetween. The film is made of a transparent film-like member and has two mutually faced film surfaces, one of the surfaces is formed into a planar shape, the other surface is formed into a convexo-concave structure with elongate microprisms in parallel to each other, and the film is disposed between the device and source with the one surface directed toward the device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes steps of preparing first and second substrates, forming alignment films on one surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, performing rubbing treatment on the alignment films, screen-printing a seal member on the one surface of the first substrate so as to surround a display area, and stacking the first and second substrates on each other while the first surfaces face to each other, with rubbing directions of the alignment films on the first and second substrates being parallel to each other, and joining the first and second substrates through the seal member by curing the seal member while the first and second substrates are bonded to each other through the seal member. The screen-printing is performed while a squeegee is moved in a direction parallel to the rubbing direction of the alignment film formed on the first substrate.