Abstract: In view of the situation of the prior art, the present invention specifies the structure of a late-stage product of Mailard reaction in vivo having a close relation with various tissue disorders, and provides a diagnostic reagent for complications associated with diabetes or renal failure, containing the above compound as a main component.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises isomerizing a compound having a ketose structure by the use of or in the presence of an organogermanium compound having a structural portion represented by formula (I): ##STR1## Due to the use or presence of the organogermanium compound, the process is free from the problems of the prior art, and is capable of isomerizing a compound having an aldose structure into a compound having a ketose structure at a high isomerization ratio without requiring any special apparatus or any complicated operation.

Abstract: An electric current is passed through a mixed solution containing a saccharide(s) and an organogermanium compound, in a compartment whose anode side is defined by an anion exchange membrane and whose cathode side is defined by a cation exchange membrane, to separate and remove said organogermanium compound. In the present invention, an organogermanium compound can be very effectively separated and recovered from a mixed solution containing a saccharide(s) and said organogermanium compound. The present invention is particularly effective for separation and recovery of an organogermanium compound from a reaction mixture obtained when a compound having an aldose structure is isomerized into a compound having a ketose structure in the presence of said organogermanium compound.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises isomerizing a compound having a ketose structure by the use of or in the presence of an organogermanium compound having a structural portion represented by formula (I): ##STR1## Due to the use or presence of the organogermanium compound, the process is free from the problems of the prior art, and is capable of isomerizing a compound having an aldose structure into a compound having a ketose structure at a high isomerization ratio without requiring any special apparatus or any complicated operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for suppression or interception of the Mailard reaction, which comprises, as the active component, an organogermanium compound represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 may be the same or different and each of them represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a phenyl group; and X represents a hydroxyl group, an O-lower alkyl group, an amino group, or a salt represented by OY (Y is a metal or a basic group-containing compound).Said agent can effectively suppress or intercept the Mailard reaction and has high safety even when administered for a long period of time.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a highly effective agent for preventing and treating opacity of lens, containing the organic germanium compound represented by the fornula (1); ##STR1## (wherein R1 to R3 represent hydrogen atoms, lower alkyl groups each of which may be the same or different and selected from the group consisting of methyl group, ethyl group, etc., or phenyl groups substituted or unsubstituted; X represents a hydroxyl group, an O-lower alkyl group, an amino group or O.sup.- Y.sup.+ {Y represents a metal such as sodium, potassium, etc., or a compound having a basic group such as lysozyme and basic amino acid, etc.})or (2) a combination of the organic germanium compound and aminoguanidien, or (3) a combination of the organic germanium compound specifically defined above and the specific phenoxazine derivative.

Abstract: A new synthetic antioxidant comprising an organogermanium compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are one of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or an alkyl group, Y is a hydroxyl or amino group and Z is an oxygen or sulfur atom, is particularly effective in inhibiting auto-oxidation in living organisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (a) novel organogermanium compounds represented by the general formula (1) ##STR1## (R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X is a halogen atom; and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently a hydroxyl group or a group chemically equivalent thereto) or by the general formula (2) ##STR2## (R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom), (b) processes for producing the above organogermanium compounds, and (c) an agent for inhibiting the activity of opioid peptide-degrading enzyme, containing the above organogermanium compounds as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) an agent for improving the reduced functions of organs caused by inhibited blood circulation, characterized by containing, as an effective component, an organogermanium compound represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or the like which may be the same or different, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and X is a hydroxyl group, an O-lower alkyl group, an amino group or O.sup.- Y.sup.+ (Y is a metal such as sodium, potassium or the like, or a basic group-containing compound such as lysozyme, basic amino acid or the like), and (2) a method for improving the reduced functions of organs caused by inhibited blood circulation, characterized by administering, in need of such treatment, an effective amount of an organogermanium compound represented by the above formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides (a) an activator for osteoblast comprising, as an active ingredient, a salt between (1) an organogermanium compound represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## [in the above formula (I), R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which may be the same or different, are independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or the like, or an aryl group] and (2) a basic group-containing compound, and (b) a method for activating osteoblasts, which comprises administering in need of such treatment an effective amount of a salt between an organogermanium compound represented by the above formula (I) and a basic group-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides (A) an organogermanium compound represented by the general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom and R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group, or by the general formula (2) ##STR2## wherein X and Y are each a halogen atom and R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group, or by the general formula (3-O), ##STR3## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group, or by the general formula (3-S), ##STR4## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group, or by the general formula (4-O), ##STR5## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group, or by the general formula (4-S), ##STR6## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group, and (B) a process for producing an organogermanium compound represented by each of the formulas (3-O), (3-S), (4-O) and (4-S).

Abstract: The present invention provides salts of organogermanium compounds expressed by the following Formual (a): ##STR1## (wherein M denotes an oxygen or sulfur atom; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be the same or different from each other and each denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or an aryl group) with compounds having basic groups, and medicines containing the salts such as biological response modifiers and antitumor agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) a solution for washing and storing separated organs, characterized by containing, as an effective component, an organogermanium compound represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or the like which may be the same or different, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and X is a hydroxyl group, an O-lower alkyl group, an amino group or O.sup.- Y.sup.+ (Y is a metal such as sodium, potassium or the like, or a basic group-containing compound such as lysozyme, basic amino acid or the like), and (2) a method for washing and storing separated organs with a solution containing, as an effective component, an organogermanium compound represented by the formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) an agent for reducing the nephrotoxicity caused by cyclosporin administration, characterized by containing, as an effective component, an organogermanium compound represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or the like which may be the same or different, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and X is a hydroxyl group, an O-lower alkyl group, an amino group or O.sup.- Y.sup.+ (Y is a metal such as sodium, potassium or the like, or a basic group-containing compound such as lysozyme, basic amino acid or the like), and (2) a method for reducing the nephrotoxicity caused by cyclosporin administration, characterized by administering, in need of such treatment, an effective amount of an organogermanium compound represented by the above formula (I).

Abstract: Administration of a resistance imparting agent characterized by comprising an organogermanium compound as an effective component shown by the following formula (I); ##STR1## (wherein A and B denote hydrogen or lower alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl groups, R denotes a combination of one or two atoms or groups shown by A or B, and X denotes an oxygen or nitrogen atom) in patients having low pulmonary function (35 examples of a group to which the agent was administered, 34 examples of an untreated group) showed that the number complaining of cold syndrome was 13 in the first group and 30 in the second group, which the total number of days during which remedies were used by the first group for cold syndrome was 79 days (of a total possible of 4635 days) compared with 295 days (of a total possible of 4860 days) for the untreated group, and that patients having low pulmonary function were apparently endowed with resistance to cold syndrome. Furthermore, no remarkable side-effects were observed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method enabling the freshness of vegetables to be easily maintained by increasing the germanium content of vegetables and is characterized by comprising the treatment of the surfaces and/or inner parts of vegetables with an organic or inorganic germanium compound by a suitable method. In this case, the organogermanium compound is, for example, carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide, and the inorganic germanium compound is, for example, germanium dioxide. It is possible to treat vegetables with an organic or inorganic compound in the state of an aqueous solution and the methods available include one in which vegetables are impregnated or are sprayed with the aqueous solution so that the germanium compound acts on the surfaces of the vegetables; and another in which the aqueous solution is absorbed by the roots of the vegetables so that the germanium compound acts on their inner parts.

Abstract: This invention provides remedies for bone diseases characterized by comprising organogermanium compounds expressed by the following formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group such as a methyl or ethyl group, or a substituted or non-substituted phenyl group; X denotes a hydroxyl, O-lower alkyl or amino group; and Y denotes an oxygen or sulfur atom) as an effective ingredient. These remedies are effect for the remedy of osteoporosis.

Abstract: This invention discloses organogermanium compounds characterized in being expressed by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, Y denotes an oxygen or sulfur atom, and Z denotes a hydroxyl group, an amino, or a lower alkoxy group, and antitumor agents comprising as a principal agent these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) a new organogermanium compound of the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group such as a methyl or ethyl group or a phenyl group, B represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group as mentioned above and Z represents a hydroxyl or amino group and (2) an opioid peptide-degrading enzyme inhibitor containing the compound (1) as a principal ingredient.

Abstract: A new synthetic antioxidant comprising an organogermanium compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are one of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or an alkyl group, Y is a hydroxyl or amino group and Z is an oxygen or sulfur atom, is particularly effective in inhibiting auto-oxidation in living organisms.