Abstract: An electrolysis device of an embodiment includes: an anode, a cathode having a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy catalyst, and an electrolysis cell having a membrane electrode assembly composed of an electrolyte present between the anode and the cathode so that voltage is applied to the anode and the cathode, wherein the electrolyte is any one of acidic, neutral, or alkali, water is produced by the electrolysis device at the cathode, when the electrolyte is acidic, and hydroxide ion is produced by the electrolysis device at the anode, when the electrolyte is neutral or alkali.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a transparent conductor is provided. In the method, a silver nanowire layer including a plurality of silver nanowires and having openings is formed on a graphene film supported by a copper support. Then, a transparent resin layer insoluble in a copper-etching solution is formed on the silver nanowire layer such that the transparent resin layer contacts the graphene film through the openings. The copper support is then brought into contact with the non-acidic copper-etching solution to remove the copper support, thereby exposing the graphene film.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transparent conductor includes a transparent substrate; a metal nanowire layer disposed on the transparent substrate and including a plurality of metal nanowires; a graphene oxide layer covering the metal nanowire layer; and an electrical insulating resin layer disposed in contact with the graphene oxide layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a catalyst-supporting substrate comprises a substrate and a catalyst layer including a plurality of pores, the catalyst layer being supported on the substrate. The average diameter of the section of the pore when the catalyst is cut in the thickness direction of the thickness is 5 nm to 400 nm, and the long-side to short-side ratio of the pore on the section is 1:1 to 10:1 in average.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolytic membrane interposed therebetween. At least one of the anode and the cathode is formed of an integral solid conductive plate and includes a first surface in contact with the electrolytic membrane and a second surface apart from the first surface in a thickness direction. The at least one of the anode and the cathode includes a plurality of first pores opened in the first surface and a plurality of second pores opened in the second surface, the second pores communicating with a part of the first pores. The first pores are smaller than the second pores, and the concentration of pores in the first surface is higher than that in the second surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transparent conductor includes a transparent substrate; a metal nanowire layer disposed on the transparent substrate and including a plurality of metal nanowires; a graphene oxide layer covering the metal nanowire layer; and an electrical insulating resin layer disposed in contact with the graphene oxide layer.

Abstract: An electrode of an embodiment includes a substrate, an intermediate layer provided on the substrate, and a catalyst layer provided on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is a mixture that includes two or more substances among a compound, and single element of noble metal or an alloy including noble metal. In a composition ratio of the mixture, a composition ratio of the intermediate layer in the vicinity of an interface between the substrate and the intermediate layer is different from a composition ratio of the intermediate layer in the vicinity of an interface between the catalyst layer and the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electrode of an embodiment includes a base material, and a catalyst layer provided on the base material and having a porous structure. When a sum of heights of all peaks belonging to Ir oxide is I0, the height of a peak of IrO2 (110) is T1, and the height of a peak of IrO2 (211) is I2, a ratio of (I1+I2)/I0, which is a ratio of spectra obtained by X-ray diffraction measurements using K? rays of Cu in the catalyst layer, is 50% or more and 100% or less in a range of a diffraction angle of 20 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an electrolytic solution tank including a first region, a second region, and a path; a reduction electrode disposed in the first region; an oxidation electrode disposed in the second region; and a power source connected to the reduction electrode and oxidation electrode; and a plurality of ion exchange membranes separating the first region and the second region.

Abstract: An electrode includes a base material, and a catalyst layer provided on the base material, the catalyst layer including a plurality of catalyst units having a porous structure. The catalyst layer has a first catalyst layer provided near the base material, the first catalyst layer including a plurality of the catalyst units dispersed at a first dispersion degree. The catalyst layer has a second catalyst layer provided above the first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer including a plurality of the catalyst units dispersed at a second dispersion degree. The second dispersion degree is different from the first dispersion degree.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the transparent conductive film contains a laminated structure including a conductive layer and a transparent polymer layer. The conductive layer contains a metal nanowire and a carbon material including grapheme. The transparent polymer layer contains a transparent polymer having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or less. The carbon material constitutes one surface of the transparent conductive film.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolytic membrane interposed therebetween. At least one of the anode and the cathode is formed of an integral solid conductive plate and includes a first surface in contact with the electrolytic membrane and a second surface apart from the first surface in a thickness direction. The at least one of the anode and the cathode includes a plurality of first pores opened in the first surface and a plurality of second pores opened in the second surface, the second pores communicating with a part of the first pores. The first pores are smaller than the second pores, and the concentration of pores in the first surface is higher than that in the second surface.

Abstract: A carbon electrode of an embodiment includes: a graphene having a graphene skeleton, carbon atoms in the graphene skeleton being partially substituted by a nitrogen atom, wherein the graphene contains an oxygen atom, and the carbon electrode is doped with a cation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrolytic apparatus includes a diaphragm of a porous membrane having a water permeability of 0.0024 to 0.6 mL/min per cm2 at a differential pressure of 20 kPa, a first electrode provided to oppose the diaphragm, and a second electrode opposing the first electrode via the diaphragm, and the difference between the hydraulic pressures applied onto both sides of the porous membrane is within ±20 kPa.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrode unit of an electrolytic device includes a first electrode including a first surface, a second surface located on an opposite side to the first surface, a plurality of first pores opened in the first surface, a plurality of second pores opened in the second surface and having an opening area greater than that of the first pores, and a plurality of the first pores communicating with a respective one of the second pores, a second electrode opposing the first surface of the first electrode, and a continuous porous membrane arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, so as to cover the first surface of the first electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrolytic device includes an electrolytic cell including a first electrode, a second electrode opposing the first electrode and a diaphragm provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode is formed of a plate including a first surface opposing the diaphragm, a second surface located on an opposite side to the diaphragm, and first recess portions formed in the first surface with a first pattern. The first recess portions include a bottom surface apart from the first surface and through-holes opening to the second surface of the first electrode and to a part of the bottom surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrode unit of an electrolytic device includes a first electrode including a first surface, a second surface located on a side opposite to the first surface, and a plurality of through-holes opening on the first surface and the second surface, a second electrode opposed to the first surface of the first electrode, and a porous membrane containing an inorganic oxide and provided on the first surface of the first electrode to cover the first surface and the through-holes.

Abstract: An oxygen reduction catalyst of an embodiment includes: a stack of single-layer graphenes; and a phosphorus compound, wherein some of carbon atoms of the graphenes are replaced by nitrogen atoms, and the phosphorus compound has a peak of phosphorus 2p orbital of 133.0 to 134.5 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectrum.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a composite. The composite includes a graphene sheet material, active material particles, and a carbon layer located between the graphene sheet material and the active material particles. The graphene sheet material includes at least one of a planar graphene sheet of a monoatomic layer and a laminate of 10 layers or less of the planar graphene sheets. The active material particles include a titanium-niobium composite oxide. The carbon layer includes a carbon material having a n-electron system.

Abstract: A method for producing a stacked electrode of an embodiment includes preparing a multi-layered graphene film, applying a dispersion liquid of metal nanowires onto the multi-layered graphene film, and removing a solvent from the dispersion liquid to prepare a metal wiring on the multi-layered graphene film.