Abstract: The method of the present invention for producing cellulose nanofiber from almond seed coat includes alkali cooking a food manufacturing by-product containing plant fiber with an alkali acceptable for food use, washing the object, bleaching the pulp component containing cellulose and hemicellulose thus obtained using a chemical acceptable for food use, washing the object with water, and mechanically fibrillating and grinding the pulp component obtained above, thereby obtaining cellulose nanofiber. The present invention allows efficient production of highly safe cellulose nanofiber from a food manufacturing by-product as a raw material, or almond seed coat acceptable for food use.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode having an electroconductive base member, an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator has at least a portion (a) in which the oxidoreductase is immobilized on the electroconductive base member, and a portion (b) in which the electron mediator is immobilized on the electroconductive base member but the oxidoreductase is not immobilized on the electroconductive base member. A bio fuel cell having the enzyme electrode as at least one of an anode and a cathode allows optimization of a reaction condition of each one of a plurality of reaction steps, including an “enzymatic reaction”, an “electron transfer reaction”, etc. Thus, the bio fuel cell provides high output.

Abstract: A composition for improving biometabolism parameters is provided. The composition contains D-psicose as an active ingredient, and is continuously ingested in a dose of 5 g or more per intake in terms of D-psicose to lower biometabolism parameters represented by a uric acid level and/or a liver function indicator component level. ?-GTP showed a significant decrease after 4 weeks from 15-g ingestion. ?-GTP and ALP showed a significant decrease after 4 weeks and 2 weeks, respectively, from the ingestion of D-psicose continuously administered three times each day in a dose of 5 g or more per intake.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode having an electroconductive base member, an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator has at least a portion (a) in which the oxidoreductase is immobilized on the electroconductive base member, and a portion (b) in which the electron mediator is immobilized on the electroconductive base member but the oxidoreductase is not immobilized on the electroconductive base member. A bio fuel cell having the enzyme electrode as at least one of an anode and a cathode allows optimization of a reaction condition of each one of a plurality of reaction steps, including an “enzymatic reaction”, an “electron transfer reaction”, etc. Thus, the bio fuel cell provides high output.

Abstract: A billing data is relieved by a relief method of billing data when a failure occurs on SVC (Switched Virtual Connection) calls which subscribers connect and disconnect. The relief method of billing data on an asynchronous transfer mode switching system includes an asynchronous transfer mode switch, a terminator provided on an input side of said asynchronous transfer mode switch for counting the number of cells sent from subscribers or other switching system, and a call controller for controlling paths on said asynchronous transfer mode switch, collecting a count value of the numbers of cells on said terminator, and creating billing data according to the count value of the collected cell number and call control data, wherein only the count value of the number of the cells counted on said terminator is removed from the values to be initialized on initialization caused by a failure.