Abstract: Compounds or salts thereof represented by formula (I): wherein X indicates a leaving group, Y indicates an affinity peptide having a binding region in a CH2 domain in an immunoglobulin unit comprising two heavy chains and two light chains, M indicates a trivalent group linking the carbon atom in C?O adjacent to M and the carbon atom in C?W via a main chain portion consisting of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, O indicates an oxygen atom, S indicates a sulfur atom, W indicates an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, N3 indicates an azide group, La indicates a bond or a divalent group, and Lb indicates a bond or a divalent group; and antibodies or salts thereof which can be prepared using such a compound or salt thereof, are useful for controlling the bonding ratio of an antibody and a modifying group within a desired range.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device performing alternating-current driving, at least one of a gate voltage amplitude Vgp?p(p) upon application of a positive polarity voltage and a gate voltage amplitude Vgp?p(n) upon application of a negative polarity voltage is changed in accordance with a liquid crystal driving frequency. Thus, an effective value of a liquid crystal application voltage in a positive polarity is set to be equal to an effective value of a liquid crystal application voltage in a negative polarity irrespective of the liquid crystal driving frequency, so that flicker is prevented from occurring when the liquid crystal driving frequency is switched. As the liquid crystal driving frequency is low, a gate low voltage Vgln after application of the negative polarity voltage is set to be low. Thus, a leak current from a TFT is reduced in the negative polarity, and a liquid crystal element is improved in voltage holding ratio.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device performing alternating-current driving, at least one of a gate voltage amplitude Vgp?p(p) upon application of a positive polarity voltage and a gate voltage amplitude Vgp?p(n) upon application of a negative polarity voltage is changed in accordance with a liquid crystal driving frequency. Thus, an effective value of a liquid crystal application voltage in a positive polarity is set to be equal to an effective value of a liquid crystal application voltage in a negative polarity irrespective of the liquid crystal driving frequency, so that flicker is prevented from occurring when the liquid crystal driving frequency is switched. As the liquid crystal driving frequency is low, a gate low voltage Vgln after application of the negative polarity voltage is set to be low. Thus, a leak current from a TFT is reduced in the negative polarity, and a liquid crystal element is improved in voltage holding ratio.

Abstract: There are provided: an immunological reagent for diagnosis of or the evaluation of the effect of a medicine for dialysis-related amyloidosis, which includes an antibody which reacts specifically with a carboxymethylated .alpha.-amino acid, a carboxymethylated protein, or a carboxymethylated peptide; or, an immunological reagent for diagnosis of or the evaluation of the effect of a medicine for diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus complications, which includes an antibody which reacts specifically with an N.sup..alpha. -carboxymethylated .alpha.-amino acid, an N.sup..alpha. -carboxymethylated protein, or an N.sup..alpha. -carboxymethylated peptide. Methods using the immunological reagents are provided: for determination of carboxymethylated hemoglobin as a marker for dialysis-related amyloidosis; or, for determination of N.sup..alpha. -carboxymethylated hemoglobin as a marker for diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus complications.