Abstract: To provide an industrial method for producing a substituted benzoic acid compound useful as an intermediate of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals with high purity and high yield.

Abstract: To provide an industrial method for producing a substituted benzoic acid compound useful as an intermediate of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals with high purity and high yield.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing pyrimidine compound useful as an intermediate for agricultural chemicals or pharmaceuticals, which is simple in operation, presents high yield and produces only a small amount of by-products. The method comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (I) with a compound represented by the formula (II) in the presence of a pyridine compound to produce a compound represented by the formula (III), a compound represented by the formula (IV) or their mixture.

Abstract: Provided are a three-dimensional greeting card which presents a variety of visualizing changes and a card stand which is suitable for holding and displaying a thick three-dimensional greeting card. The three-dimensional greeting card includes: a back plate part including a light source; a shadow picture projecting sheet part; and an original image sheet part in which a shadow picture forming image is formed, the original image sheet part being interposed between the back plate part and the shadow picture projecting sheet part. The card stand for the three-dimensional greeting card includes a flat card mount body including a cut for forming a pair of bent protruding pieces.

Abstract: A method for producing 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid is provided. A method for producing 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom) with magnesium in the presence of an alkyl halide to give a Grignard reagent represented by the formula (II): (wherein X is the same as defined above), reacting the Grignard reagent of the formula (II) with carbon dioxide, and acidifying the reaction product.

Abstract: Because fluazinam is excellent as an active ingredient of pesticides and highly useful, it is desired to produce it efficiently in a proper form with simple operations at low cost in an environmentally friendly manner. The desired product is obtained in good yields with simple operations by using industrially advantageous reaction systems by a process comprising (1) a step of reacting ACTF and DCDNBTF in the presence of an alkali component, a solvent selected from the group consisting of ketones, nitriles, ethers and esters and a sufficient amount of water to substantially dissolve the alkali component, (2) a step of neutralizing or acidifying the reaction mixture with an acid and (3) a step of removing the solvent by distillation from the mixture containing fluazinam as the reaction product and the reaction solvent to precipitate crystals the product.

Abstract: A method for producing 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid is provided. A method for producing 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom) with magnesium in the presence of an alkyl halide to give a Grignard reagent represented by the formula (II): (wherein X is the same as defined above), reacting the Grignard reagent of the formula (II) with carbon dioxide, and acidifying the reaction product.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing pyrimidine compound useful as an intermediate for agricultural chemicals or pharmaceuticals, which is simple in operation, presents high yield and produces only a small amount of by-products. The method comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (I) with a compound represented by the formula (II) in the presence of a pyridine compound to produce a compound represented by the formula (III), a compound represented by the formula (IV) or their mixture.

Abstract: Because fluazinam is excellent as an active ingredient of pesticides and highly useful, it is desired to produce it efficiently in a proper form with simple operations at low cost in an environmentally friendly manner. The desired product is obtained in good yields with simple operations by using industrially advantageous reaction systems by a process comprising (1) a step of reacting ACTF and DCDNBTF in the presence of an alkali component, a solvent selected from the group consisting of ketones, nitriles, ethers and esters and a sufficient amount of water to substantially dissolve the alkali component, (2) a step of neutralizing or acidifying the reaction mixture with an acid and (3) a step of removing the solvent by distillation from the mixture containing fluazinam as the reaction product and the reaction solvent to precipitate crystals the product.

Abstract: A developing solution is provided comprising an aqueous alkali solution, at least one anion selected from a silicate ion, a carbonate ion, a borate ion and a phosphate ion, and at least one cation selected from an ammonium ion, an organic ammonium ion and an alkali metal ion. The aqueous alkali solution may be an aqueous solution of a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: An over-writable magneto-optical recording medium in which a recording section has at least a first dielectric layer, a first recording layer, a second recording layer, and a second dielectric layer formed sequentially and a reflective layer and a protective layer formed on the recording section. A groove is formed on the transparent substrate along a recording track, both sidewalls of the groove are formed into an independent wobbling shape, a relationship of 0.470 ≦W/Ø≦0.610 is effectuated where the width of the groove as W, and a relationship of 0.120≦D(&lgr;/n)≦0.142 is effectuated where the depth of the groove as D, and the angle Ø between wall faces of the groove is 150°±10. a relationship of 0.55≦(d2/d1)≦0.9 is effectuated when assuming the thickness of the first dielectric is d1 and the reflective layer is d2.

Abstract: An over-writable magneto-optical recording medium in which a recording section has at least a first dielectric layer, a first recording layer, a second recording layer, and a second dielectric layer formed sequentially and a reflective layer and a protective layer formed on the recording section. A groove is formed on the transparent substrate along a recording track, both sidewalls of the groove are respectively formed into an independent wobbling shape, a relationship of 0.470≦W/Ø≦0.610 is effectuated when assuming the width of the groove as W, and a relationship of 0.120≦D(&lgr;/n)≦0.142 is effectuated when assuming the depth of the groove as D, and the angle ⊖ between wall faces of the groove is kept at 150°±10°.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which is capable of improving durability and reliability while satisfactory electromagnetic conversion characteristics are being maintained, the magnetic recording medium incorporating a non-magnetic support member; and a magnetic layer formed on the non-magnetic support member and mainly composed of magnetic powder and a binder and having a two-layer structure composed of a first magnetic layer and a second magnetic layer, wherein Young's modulus of the first magnetic layer is 140×105 N/m2 to 160×105 N/m2 and Young's modulus of the second magnetic layer is 45×105 N/m2 to 50×105 N/m2. The specific surface area of the magnetic powder for use in the first magnetic layer is 42 m2/g to 46 m2/g and the specific surface area of the magnetic powder for use in the second magnetic layer is 32 m2/g to 35 m2/g.

Abstract: This invention intends to offer a magnetic recording medium which is so devised as to give a wide dynamic range and a flat response over whole audible frequencies.This invention attains the object by providing a magnetic recording medium which has two magnetic layers each composed mainly of ferromagnetic powder and a binder spread one over the other on one surface (front surface) of a non-magnetic substrate, wherein the ferromagnetic powder of either magnetic layer has a coercive force of 54.0-59.0 kA/m, and the coercive forces of the two magnetic layers differ by 3.2 kA/m or less. In addition, if a phase shift has to be minimized, the frictional coefficient of the back surface, and roughness (Ra.sup.f) of the magnetic surface with respect to that (Ra.sup.b) of the back surface or Ra.sup.f /Ra.sup.b should be adjusted properly.

Abstract: A solvent containing low-boiling and high-boiling impurities in an evaporating section, so that the high-boiling impurities is left as a tank bottom waste, and a solvent vapor from the section is guide through a mist separator into a condenser. A condensate produced in the condenser is returned to the mist separator so as to serve as a mist catching liquid. A fraction not having condensed in the condenser is fed to a rectifying section where fractional condensation is performed so that the low-boiling impurities are condensed to be removed. A remainder of the solvent vapor from which the impurities have been removed is also condensed and recovered for reuse in the resist washing/exfoliating step during manufacture of liquid crystal devices or IC, so that the soiled solvent need not be discarded or treated in a remote cite, thereby facilitating the process or the step using the solvent.

Abstract: A room-temperature shrinkable tube includes an elastic tube stretched to cover a cylindrical shell. An object to be coated by the elastic tube is inserted into the cylindrical shell, and the cylindrical shell is slid out from the elastic tube, so that the resilience of the elastic tube brings it into contact with the surface of the object.