Abstract: A fiber dispersion liquid includes ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 100 to 5000 nm dispersed in an aqueous medium, wherein the fiber dispersion liquid has a solid content concentration of 0.01% to 10% by weight and a dispersion index of 20 or less, in which the dispersion index is measured by preparing a fiber dispersion liquid such that a solid content concentration is 0.01% by weight with respect to a total amount of the fiber dispersion liquid, an image of the obtained fiber dispersion liquid at a magnification of 50 times is captured with a microscope under transmitted illumination, the image is converted into a monochrome image by using an image processing software, then a luminance histogram is formed with 256 grades, and a standard deviation obtained from the luminance histogram is used as the dispersion index.

Abstract: An ultrafine fiber has a fiber diameter (D) of 100 to 5000 nm, a ratio (L/D) of a fiber length (L) to the fiber diameter (D) of 3000 to 6000, and a carboxyl terminal group amount of 40 eq/ton or more. At least a part of a surface layer of the ultrafine fiber may be formed of polyester.

Abstract: Cypoviruses and baculoviruses are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the virus particles are embedded in micron-sized protein crystals called polyhedra. The remarkable stability of polyhedra means that like bacterial spores these insect viruses remain infectious for years in soil. Although these unique in vivo protein crystals have been extensively characterized since the early 1900s, their atomic organization remains elusive. Here we describe the 2 crystal structure of both recombinant and infectious silkworm cypovirus polyhedra determined using 5-12 micron crystals purified from insect cells. These are the smallest crystals yet used for de novo X-ray protein structure determination. It was found that polyhedra are made of trimers of the viral polyhedrin protein and contain nucleotides. Although the shape of these building blocks is reminiscent of some capsid trimers, polyhedrin has a new fold and has evolved to assemble in vivo into 3-D cubic crystals rather than icosahedral shells.

Abstract: Cypoviruses and baculoviruses are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the virus particles are embedded in micron-sized protein crystals called polyhedra. The remarkable stability of polyhedra means that like bacterial spores these insect viruses remain infectious for years in soil. Although these unique in vivo protein crystals have been extensively characterized since the early 1900s, their atomic organization remains elusive. Here we describe the 2 crystal structure of both recombinant and infectious silkworm cypovirus polyhedra determined using 5-12 micron crystals purified from insect cells. These are the smallest crystals yet used for de novo X-ray protein structure determination. It was found that polyhedra are made of trimers of the viral polyhedrin protein and contain nucleotides. Although the shape of these building blocks is reminiscent of some capsid trimers, polyhedrin has a new fold and has evolved to assemble in vivo into 3-D cubic crystals rather than icosahedral shells.

Abstract: In a magnetic disk controller equipped with a cache memory for disks, the controller in accordance with the present invention includes high order paths for data transfer between a high order channel apparatus and the cache memory through a certain one of a plurality of channel adaptors, low order paths for data transfer between a low order device, e.g. a magnetic disk device, and the cache memory through a certain one of a plurality of device adaptors and a path for data transfer betweeen the low order device and the channel cevice without passing through the cache memory by selecting empty device adaptor and channel adaptor by the switching operation of a switch. When an interrupt is generated from the device, data transfer can be made easily even when the high order path and the low order path are busy, and path utilization efficiency can be improved.