Abstract: A method of manufacturing directional coupler includes forming a first waveguide over a substrate, forming a separate section on respective ends of the first waveguide, and forming a second waveguide stacked over the first waveguide, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are patterned by ink-jet process. The first waveguide and the second waveguide may be formed so as to overlap each other. The method may further include forming a projecting portion on the substrate, wherein the first waveguide being formed on the projection portion.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer capable of generating light by electroluminescence, a pair of electrodes applies an electric field to the light-emitting layer, and a substrate having a depression in a surface, and the light-emitting layer is disposed within the depression of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing directional coupler includes forming a first waveguide over a substrate, forming a separate section on respective ends of the first waveguide, and forming a second waveguide stacked over the first waveguide, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are patterned by ink-jet process. The first waveguide and the second waveguide may be formed so as to overlap each other. The method may further include forming a projecting portion on the substrate, wherein the first waveguide being formed on the projection portion.

Abstract: An organic semiconductor device of the present invention has an organic semiconductor layer disposed within a depression formed in a substrate; a drain electrode and a source electrode; and a gate electrode to face the organic semiconductor layer with a gate insulating layer interposed. Alternatively, an organic semiconductor device of the present invention has an insulating layer disposed on a substrate; an organic semiconductor layer disposed within a depression formed in the insulating layer; a drain electrode and a source electrode; and a gate electrode disposed to face the organic semiconductor layer with a gate insulating layer interposed.

Abstract: A directional coupler of the present invention includes a substrate; a first waveguide layer; a second waveguide layer disposed over the first waveguide layer; a separation layer which separates the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer at least at one end; and an optical coupling section which is a predetermined region in which the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer approach or come in contact with each other. Each of the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer is integrally and continuously formed.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer capable of generating light by electroluminescence, a pair of electrodes applies an electric field to the light-emitting layer, and a substrate having a depression in a surface, and the light-emitting layer is disposed within the depression of the substrate.

Abstract: An organic semiconductor device of the present invention has an organic semiconductor layer disposed within a depression formed in a substrate; a drain electrode and a source electrode; and a gate electrode to face the organic semiconductor layer with a gate insulating layer interposed. Alternatively, an organic semiconductor device of the present invention has an insulating layer disposed on a substrate; an organic semiconductor layer disposed within a depression formed in the insulating layer; a drain electrode and a source electrode; and a gate electrode disposed to face the organic semiconductor layer with a gate insulating layer interposed.