Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display used as a display unit of an electronic apparatus and provides a liquid crystal display which can achieve high display quality. The liquid crystal display includes a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal having negative dielectric constant anisotropy sealed between the substrates, an alignment film formed on each of surfaces of the substrates facing each other for vertically aligning the liquid crystal, the film being formed using a material including an epoxy type cross linking agent at a concentration in the range from 0% by weight to 0.01% by weight inclusive, and a polymer layer for regulating the direction of alignment of the liquid crystal formed in the vicinity of an interface between the liquid crystal and the alignment film as a result of polymerization of a polymeric component included in the liquid crystal.

Abstract: In accordance with a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device including, in a picture element, a first sub-picture-element region where a threshold voltage of the transmittance-applied voltage characteristic is Vth1 and a second sub-picture-element region where a threshold voltage of the transmittance-applied voltage characteristic is Vth2, liquid crystal, which polymerizable components are added to, is filled into the space between a first and a second substrates; thereafter, a voltage V1 slightly higher than the threshold voltage Vth1 is applied to a liquid crystal layer, and is held for a certain length of time; subsequently, a voltage V2 slightly higher than the threshold voltage Vth2 is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and is held for a certain length of time; additionally, a voltage V3 higher than a white-displaying voltage which is applied while the liquid crystal display device is in actual use is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and is held for a certain length of time; then, t

Abstract: On a glass substrate, gate bus lines, data bus lines, and TFTs are formed. Then, on the substrate, an insulating film, covering the gate bus lines, data bus lines and TFTs, is formed, and a positive type photoresist film is further formed thereon. Next, through exposure and development processes, the resist film is divided for each picture element and subjected to ultraviolet ray irradiation to harden only a surface layer thereof. Then, the resist film is subjected to heat treatment to form thereon wrinkle-form surface ruggedness of a uniform pattern, which is determined depending on the size of the resist film. Subsequently, reflection electrodes are formed on the resist film. The reflection electrodes are formed to overlap the gate bus line, data bus line and TFTs, and the regions between the adjacent reflection electrodes serve as light transmission regions.

Abstract: The gate bus lines, the data bus lines, TFTs, etc. are formed on one glass substrate. Also, linear structures arranged in parallel with the gate bus lines are formed simultaneously with any one of the gate bus lines and the data bus lines. Then, a positive resist film is formed over the substrate, and then only a surface layer is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet ray onto the resist film. Then, the annealing is applied to the resist film. Since the linear structures are present under the resist film, a cross section of the resist film is corrugated by the annealing and thus wrinkle-like roughness extending in the almost same direction as the structures are formed on the surface. Then, the reflective electrode is formed on the resist film.

Abstract: A substrate for a transflective liquid crystal display that is capable of display in both reflective and transmissive modes and a display having the same. One embodiment includes a substrate that sandwiches a liquid crystal in combination with an opposite substrate formed with a common electrode on the opposing surface, a plurality of bus lines on a top surface of the substrate that intersect each other with an insulation film interposed therebetween, and thin film transistors formed near the intersections of the plurality of bus lines. A plurality of pixel regions constituted of a plurality of reflective regions in which reflective electrodes for reflecting incident light from the side of the top surface of the substrate are formed in a matrix and transmissive regions which are provided around the reflective regions and which transmit incident light from the side of a bottom surface toward the top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The gate bus lines, the data bus lines, TFTs, etc. are formed on one glass substrate. Also, linear structures arranged in parallel with the gate bus lines are formed simultaneously with any one of the gate bus lines and the data bus lines. Then, a positive resist film is formed over the substrate, and then only a surface layer is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet ray onto the resist film. Then, the annealing is applied to the resist film. Since the linear structures are present under the resist film, a cross section of the resist film is corrugated by the annealing and thus wrinkle-like roughness extending in the almost same direction as the structures are formed on the surface. Then, the reflective electrode is formed on the resist film.

Abstract: The gate bus lines, the data bus lines, TFTs, etc. are formed on one glass substrate. Also, linear structures arranged in parallel with the gate bus lines are formed simultaneously with any one of the gate bus lines and the data bus lines. Then, a positive resist film is formed over the substrate, and then only a surface layer is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet ray onto the resist film. Then, the annealing is applied to the resist film. Since the linear structures are present under the resist film, a cross section of the resist film is corrugated by the annealing and thus wrinkle-like roughness extending in the almost same direction as the structures are formed on the surface. Then, the reflective electrode is formed on the resist film.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display device being low cost, high reflectance, and high contrast in the reflective liquid crystal display device of VA system providing a diffusion reflective plate having uneven shape and using negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal and a substrate using for a reflective liquid crystal display device. Assuming that reflective surface of the reflective plate has plurality of small mirror surfaces, direction of normal vector In of the small mirror is constructed so that standard deviation of probability distribution existing within angle range of azimuth angle from ?n to ?n+1° is 0.1 or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display device being low cost, high reflectance, and high contrast in the reflective liquid crystal display device of VA system providing a diffusion reflective plate having uneven shape and using negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal and a substrate using for a reflective liquid crystal display device. Assuming that reflective surface of the reflective plate has plurality of small mirror surfaces, direction of normal vector In of the small mirror is constructed so that standard deviation of probability distribution existing within angle range of azimuth angle from ?n to ?n+1° is 0.1 or more.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is constituted of a TFT substrate and an opposing substrate which are arranged so as to be opposite to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. In addition, in the liquid crystal layer, formed is a polymer into which a polymer component added to liquid crystal is polymerized, and which determines directions in which liquid crystal molecules tilt when voltage is applied. In the TFT substrate, formed are a sub picture element electrode directly connected to a TFT and a sub picture element electrode connected to the TFT through capacitive coupling. In each of these sub picture element electrodes, formed are slits extending in directions respectively at angles of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees to the X axis.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device, including a first substrate, a second substrate disposed so as to face the first substrate, with the second substrate carrying projections and depressions having a reflectivity, a liquid crystal layer having any of positive or negative dielectric anisotropy provided between the first and second substrates, and a polarizer disposed at an outer side of the first substrate. The device also preferably includes an optical phase compensation film disposed between the first substrate and the polarizer, with the optical phase compensation film having a negative dielectric anisotropy in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the first substrate. The optical phase compensation film also preferably has a retardation df{(nx+nz)/2?nz} so as to satisfy the relationship 0.4?[df{(nx+ny)/2?nz}]/(dlc?n)?0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has been disclosed. The liquid crystal display device provides a display with a high reflectance (high transmittance) and a high color purity while maintaining white balance and adjusts the white balance by changing the occupied area instead of the transmission characteristics of a CF in order to prevent yellowing of the display due to a low-temperature light source.

Abstract: A substrate for a transflective liquid crystal display that is capable of display in both reflective and transmissive modes and a display having the same. One embodiment includes a substrate that sandwiches a liquid crystal in combination with an opposite substrate formed with a common electrode on the opposing surface, a plurality of bus lines on a top surface of the substrate that intersect each other with an insulation film interposed therebetween, and thin film transistors formed near the intersections of the plurality of bus lines. A plurality of pixel regions constituted of a plurality of reflective regions in which reflective electrodes for reflecting incident light from the side of the top surface of the substrate are formed in a matrix and transmissive regions which are provided around the reflective regions and which transmit incident light from the side of a bottom surface toward the top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention is composed of a ?/4 plate 1, a ?/2 plate 2, and a polarizing plate 3 which are provided in this order from the side of a liquid crystal layer 10. Here, an angle formed between an absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 and an absorption axis of the ?/2 plate 2 is about 45°, an in-plane retardation of the ?/2 plate 2 is set to a value obtained by adding ?/4 to an in-plane retardation of a retardation plate 1, desirably, the ?/4 plate 1, and an optical axis of the ?/4 plate 1 and an optical axis of the ?/2 plate 2 are orthogonal to each other. In this configuration, the optical axis of the ?/4 plate 1 is placed at 150°, the optical axis of the ?/2 plate 2 is placed at 60°, and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 is placed at 15°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention is composed of a ?/4 plate 1, a ?/2 plate 2, and a polarizing plate 3 which are provided in this order from the side of a liquid crystal layer 10. Here, an angle formed between an absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 and an absorption axis of the ?/2 plate 2 is about 45°, an in-plane retardation of the ?/2 plate 2 is set to a value obtained by adding ?/4 to an in-plane retardation of a retardation plate 1, desirably, the ?/4 plate 1, and an optical axis of the ?/4 plate 1 and an optical axis of the ?/2 plate 2 are orthogonal to each other. In this configuration, the optical axis of the ?/4 plate 1 is placed at 150°, the optical axis of the ?/2 plate 2 is placed at 60°, and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate 3 is placed at 15°.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device which is used for a display part of an electronic equipment and includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy, in which light leak due to damage of an alignment film is prevented, and an excellent display characteristic is obtained. The MVA mode liquid crystal display device includes a recessed part at a position of a TFT substrate opposite to a linear protrusion. Thus, a cell gap at a position where the linear protrusion is formed becomes almost equal to that at the other position. Accordingly, even if a ball spacer is disposed on the linear protrusion, it is possible to relieve compressive stress exerted on vertical alignment films from the ball spacer when both the substrates are attached to each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflective or reflective/transmissive liquid crystal display having a light-reflecting layer and provides a low-cost light crystal display having high controllability of the thickness of a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display has a wrinkly irregular layer having a wrinkly irregular surface formed such that it follows irregularity controlling structures on a glass substrate. The liquid crystal display also has a plurality of holding protrusions which are formed to protrude from an opposite glass substrate and which hold the two substrates so as to leave a predetermined gap between them. The holding protrusions which have substantially the same length are formed at predetermined intervals such that they contact the tops of convexes of the wrinkly irregular layer, which makes it possible to control the thickness of the liquid crystal layer into agreement with a design value easily.

Abstract: The gate bus lines, the data bus lines, TFTs, etc. are formed on one glass substrate. Also, linear structures arranged in parallel with the gate bus lines are formed simultaneously with any one of the gate bus lines and the data bus lines. Then, a positive resist film is formed over the substrate, and then only a surface layer is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet ray onto the resist film. Then, the annealing is applied to the resist film. Since the linear structures are present under the resist film, a cross section of the resist film is corrugated by the annealing and thus wrinkle-like roughness extending in the almost same direction as the structures are formed on the surface. Then, the reflective electrode is formed on the resist film.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.