Abstract: A method for producing ammonia from nitrogen molecules with a reducing agent and a proton source, the method using, as a catalyst, a molybdenum complex obtained by reacting a ligand of Formula (1) and a molybdenum compound: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C3-10 alkyl group, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a phenyl group, or an Ar1 aryl group, and at least one of R3, R4 and R5 is a phenyl group or an Ar1 aryl group, a molybdenum complex used in the method and a ligand that is a raw material for the molybdenum.

Abstract: A cyclic compound shown by the following formula (I): wherein, of two R1s which are present on the same aromatic ring, one is a group shown by R3, and the other is a dissolution controlling group; R3s are independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group, a silyl group or a group formed by combining these groups with a divalent group.

Abstract: A cyclic compound shown by the following formula (I):

Abstract: Provided are catalysts for styrene polymerization capable of efficiently and inexpensively producing styrenic polymers having a syndiotactic structure; and a method for producing styrenic polymers. The catalysts comprise (A) a transition metal compound, (B) an oxygen-containing compound and/or a compound capable of reacting with a transition metal compound to form an ionic complex, (C) a specific metal compound, preferably a specific organoaluminium compound of a general formula: ((R1)3—CO)n-Al—(R2)3−n wherein R1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms or the like; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group; n is 1 or 2, and optionally (D) an alkylating agent. In the method for producing styrenic polymers, used is the catalyst.

Abstract: (1) An adsorbent comprising a styrene polymer, which is producing by dissolving a substantially syndiotactic styrene polymer in an organic compound having an affinity for the polymer, followed by shaping it, and thereafter removing the organic compound from the shaped article. (2) For producing the adsorbent (1), the polymer solution is melt-cast into the shaped article. (3) For producing the adsorbent (1) or (2), the organic compound is removed from the shaped article through evaporation under reduced pressure. The adsorbent provided herein is effective for selectively and efficiently adsorbing an organic compound in gases or liquids.

Abstract: In the present invention, the polymer composition is produced by polymerizing an anionically or cationically polymerizable monomer in the presence of a highly syndiotactic styrenic polymer and optionally a rubber-like polymer. The polymer composition thus obtained is improved in its solvent resistance without using any particular compatibilizer and has a good moldability.

Abstract: There are disclosed a polyelectrolyte comprising at least a styrenic polymer having a syndiotactic configuration and exhibiting an ion exchange capability, a polyelectrolyte membrane produced by forming the polyelectrolyte into a film, and a fuel cell using the polyelectrolyte membrane. The polyelectrolyte of the present invention is inexpensive and exhibits a good long-term stability, and is suitably used for fuel cells, production of common salt from sea water and recovery of acids from waste water.

Abstract: An organic aluminoxy compound which shows 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (27Al-NMR spectrum) having an A1/A2 ratio of at most 0.1, wherein A1 is area of a region encompassed by a segment of a line which connects a local minimum point existing between a continuous curve “a” containing a peak appearing at around 150 ppm and a continuous curve “b” containing a peak appearing at around 60 ppm to the point where the above curve “b” comes into contact with the base line and also by the above curve “b” and A2 is area of a region encompassed by the above curves “a” and “b” and also by the base line; an organic aluminoxy compound containing at least 5%, expressed in terms of aluminum atom, of a portion insoluble in a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane in a ratio by volume of 2:5 at 30° C. or lower; and a catalyst for producing a polymer comprising any of the above organic aluminoxy compounds and a transition metal compound.

Abstract: A styrene type monomer is polymerized by use of a catalyst consisting of (a) a transition metal compound, (b1) a compound capable of forming an ionic compound by reacting with the transition metal compound, and if necessary (d) an alkylating agent, which comprises subjecting to a polymerization reaction a monomer to which (c) an oxygen-containing compound having a branched alkyl group, or (c) said oxygen-containing compound and (d) all or a part of an alkylating agent have previously been added, or by a process for producing a polymer in which a monomer particularly a styrene type monomer is polymerized by use of a catalyst consisting of (a) a transition metal compound, (b1) a compound capable of forming an ionic compound by reacting with the transition metal compound, (b2) a specific oxygen-containing compound, and if necessary (d) an alkylating agent, which comprises subjecting to a polymerization reaction a monomer to which (c) an oxygen-containing compound having a branched alkyl group, or (c) said oxygen

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerization catalyst comprising (a) a specific transition metal compound, (b) (i) a compound which can form a complex by reaction with the transition metal compound of component (a) or (ii) a specific compound containing oxygen, and optionally, (c) an alkylating agent, and a process for producing polymers in the presence of said polymerization catalyst.By using the polymerization catalyst of the present invention, decrease in the contents of residual metals in obtained polymers, simplification of the process for producing polymers, and reduction of the production cost of polymers can be achieved, and polymers having a high molecular weight can be obtained.

Abstract: An organic aluminoxy compound which shows .sup.27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (.sup.27 Al-NMR spectrum) having an A.sub.1 /A.sub.2 ratio of at most 0.1, wherein A.sub.1 is area of a region encompassed by a segment of a line which connects a local minimum point existing between a continuous curve "a" containing a peak appearing at around 150 ppm and a continuous curve "b" containing a peak appearing at around 60 ppm to the point where the above curve "b" comes into contact with the base line and also by the above curve "b" and A.sub.2 is area of a region encompassed by the above curves "a" and "b" and also by the base line; an organic aluminoxy compound containing at least 5%, expressed in terms of aluminum atom, of a portion insoluble in a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane in a ratio by volume of 2:5 at 30.degree. C. or lower; and a catalyst for producing a polymer comprising any of the above organic aluminoxy compounds and a transition metal compound.

Abstract: An organic aluminoxy compound which shows .sup.27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (.sup.27 Al-NMR spectrum) having an A.sub.1 /A.sub.2 ratio of at most 0.1, wherein A.sub.1 is area of a region encompassed by a segment of a line which connects a local minimum point existing between a continuous curve "a" containing a peak appearing at around 150 ppm and a continuous curve "b" containing a peak appearing at around 60 ppm to the point where the above curve "b" comes into contact with the base line and also by the above curve "b" and A.sub.2 is area of a region encompassed by the above curves "a" and "b" and also by the base line; an organic aluminoxy compound containing at least 5%, expressed in terms of aluminum atom, of a portion insoluble in a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane in a ratio by volume of 2:5 at 30.degree. C. or lower; and a catalyst for producing a polymer comprising any of the above organic aluminoxy compounds and a transition metal compound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a styrenic polymer which comprises polymerizing at least one styrenic monomer by the use of a polymerization catalyst comprising in combination (A) at least one transition metal compounds, (B) an aluminoxane, (C) a coordination complex compound comprising a cation and an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and (D) an organoaluminum compound. The above process is capable of producing a styrenic polymer which has high degree of syndiotactic configuration and a wide range of molecular weight distribution and is minimized in residual metallic components at a low production cast with a high efficiency.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of a vinyl polymer, which comprises: in combination, (A) a transition metal complex of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of T.sup.1, T.sup.2, T.sup.3 and T.sup.4, independently of each other, is C.sub.1-20 -alkyl or C.sub.6-20 -aryl, M is a Group IV-VI transition metal and Q is C.sub.1-20 -alkoxy, (B) an aluminoxane or ionic compound having a non-coordinating anion and a cation and (C) a Lewis acid.Component (B) can be a combination of an aluminoxane and an ionic compound having a non-coordinating anion and a cation.

Abstract: A process for producing a styrenic polymer having the syndiotactic configuration which process comprises a plurality of polymerization stages, at least one polymerization stage selected as desired from the plurality of polymerization stages being a polymerization stage in which hydrogen is introduced; in accordance with the present invention, efficient control of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution is enabled. By increasing activity of the polymerization catalyst, the amount of the catalyst and the amount of residual metals can be decreased, and the cost of production can be decreased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for polymerization comprising (A) a transition metal compound containing at least one linkage represented by the general formula (I):M.sup.1 --Z--C (I)wherein M.sup.1 represents a metal element of Groups 3 to 6 or the lanthanide series, and Z represents an element of Group 15, in one molecule, (B) (a) a compound which can form an ionic complex by the reaction with the transition metal compound or (b) a specific oxygen-containing compound, and (C) a metal compound containing alkyl group which is optionally used; and a process for producing a styrenic polymer, particularly a styrenic polymer having a highly syndiotactic configuration, comprising using this catalyst for polymerization.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a styrenic polymer which comprises polymerizing at least one styrenic monomer by the use of a polymerization catalyst comprising in combination (A) at least one transition metal compounds, (B) an aluminoxane, (C) a coordination complex compound comprising a cation and an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and (D) an organoaluminum compound. The above process is capable of producing a styrenic polymer which has high degree of syndiotactic configuration and a wide range of molecular weight distribution and is minimized in residual metallic components at a low production cast with a high efficiency.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a styrenic polymer, especially, syndiotactic polystyrene, which comprises polymerizing a styrenic monomer by the use of (a) a transition metal compound, (b) a coordination complex compound comprising an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and a cation or methylaluminoxane, (c) an alkylating agent (alkyl group-containing aluminum, magnesium or zinc compound) and (d) a reaction product between a straight-chain alkylaluminum having at least two carbon atoms and water (alkylaluminoxane). The above process is capable of simplifying the production process and producing high-performance styrenic polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration in high catalytic activity without deteriorating the catalyst activity, increasing the amounts of residual metals in the objective polymer or leaving the decomposition products of the alkylaluminum therein, thereby curtailing the production cost of the objective polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for efficiently producing an aromatic vinyl compound-based copolymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration in its aromatic vinyl chain by copolymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound with an olefin, etc. in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal compound, (B) an ionic compound comprising a non-coordinate anion and a cation of a typical metal belonging to the group 4 and (C) a Lewis acid to be used as the case may be. It is made possible by the use of the highly active catalyst according to the above process to efficiently produce an aromatic vinyl compound-based copolymer which is minimized in residual amounts of ash and toxic substances a high degree of syndiotactic configuration in its aromatic vinyl chain, while dispensing with an expensive aluminoxane.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a styrenic polymer, especially, syndiotactic polystyrene, which comprises polymerizing a styrenic monomer by the use of (a) a transition metal compound, (b) a coordination complex compound comprising an anion in which a plurality of radicals are bonded to a metal and a cation or methylaluminoxane, (c) an alkylating agent (alkyl group-containing aluminum, magnesium or zinc compound) and (d) a reaction product between a straight-chain alkylaluminum having at least two carbon atoms and water (alkylaluminoxane). The above process is capable of simplifying the production process and producing high-performance styrenic polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration in high catalytic activity without deteriorating the catalyst activity, increasing the amounts of residual metals in the objective polymer or leaving the decomposition products of the alkylaluminum therein, thereby curtailing the production cost of the objective polymer.