Abstract: An oscillation circuit includes an oscillator (X1), capacitors (C1, C2) connected between two terminals of the oscillator (X1), and an amplification circuit (A1) having an input terminal connected to a connecting point between the oscillator (X1) and the capacitor (C1) and an output terminal connected to a connecting point between the capacitor (C1) and the capacitor (C2).

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric substrate formed from a Ca3Ta(Ga1-xAlx)3Si2O14 single crystal, and an interdigital electrode formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate and formed from Al. The interdigital electrode is configured to generate a Love-wave-type SH wave on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate. A normalized film thickness obtained by dividing the film thickness of the interdigital electrode by the wavelength of the Love-wave-type SH wave is 0.16 or less.

Abstract: A frequency adjustment method is provided for a piezoelectric resonator including a first vibrator, a second vibrator, a third vibrator, and a supporting portion. The second and the third vibrators connect to ends positioned along a vibration direction of a width-longitudinal mode in the first vibrator. The supporting portion is connected to two ends positioned along a vibration direction of the length-longitudinal mode in the first vibrator. The method includes: setting the second vibrator to a first region, a second region, and a third region along the vibration direction of the width-longitudinal mode; setting the third vibrator to a first region, a second region, and a third region along the vibration direction of the width-longitudinal mode; and performing the frequency adjustment by reducing or adding mass of at least one of the first region and the third region in each of the second vibrator and the third vibrator.

Abstract: A Geiger-Muller counter tube includes a cylindrical enclosing tube, an anode electrode, a cylindrical cathode electrode, an inert gas, and a quenching gas. The cylindrical enclosing tube has a sealed space. The anode electrode is disposed inside the space and formed in a rod shape. The cylindrical cathode electrode surrounds a peripheral area of the anode electrode inside the space to have an opening. The inert gas and the quenching gas are sealed inside the space. At least one of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode includes a plurality of electrodes inside the enclosing tube.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit includes a first resonator, a second resonator, and a frequency adjusting unit. The second resonator has a frequency characteristic different from a frequency characteristic of the first resonator. The frequency adjusting unit is configured to change a ratio between a contribution of the first resonator and a contribution of the second resonator so as to adjust an output frequency.

Abstract: A Geiger-Muller counter tube includes an enclosing tube, an anode conductor, a cathode conductor, an inert gas, and a quenching gas. The enclosing tube is at least partially cylindrical and has a sealed space. The anode conductor includes an anode electrode and a linear first metal lead portion. The anode electrode is arranged inside the space and formed in a rod shape. The first metal lead portion is connected to the anode electrode and supported at an end of the enclosing tube. The cathode conductor includes a cylindrical cathode electrode and a linear second metal lead portion. The cathode electrode surrounds a peripheral area of the anode electrode inside the space. The second metal lead portion is connected to the cathode electrode and supported at the end of the enclosing tube. The cathode electrode has a side surface through a part of which a through-hole passes.

Abstract: A resonator includes an interdigital transducer electrode, a resonance part, a supporting part, and two beam parts. The interdigital transducer electrode is disposed on a piezoelectric thin film. The resonance part is held on a substrate through an air gap. The supporting part supports the resonance part. The two beam parts connect the resonance part to the supporting part at both ends of the resonance part. The air gap forms a level difference at the supporting part or level differences at the respective two beam parts.

Abstract: A Geiger-Muller counter tube includes a cylindrical enclosing tube, an anode electrode, a cylindrical cathode electrode, an inert gas, and a quenching gas. The cylindrical enclosing tube has a sealed space. The anode electrode is disposed inside the space and formed in a rod shape. The cylindrical cathode electrode surrounds a peripheral area of the anode electrode inside the space to have an opening. The inert gas and the quenching gas are sealed inside the space. At least one of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode includes a plurality of electrodes inside the enclosing tube.

Abstract: A Geiger-Muller counter tube includes an enclosing tube, an anode conductor, a cathode conductor, an inert gas, and a quenching gas. The enclosing tube is at least partially cylindrical and has a sealed space. The anode conductor includes an anode electrode and a linear first metal lead portion. The anode electrode is arranged inside the space and formed in a rod shape. The first metal lead portion is connected to the anode electrode and supported at an end of the enclosing tube. The cathode conductor includes a cylindrical cathode electrode and a linear second metal lead portion. The cathode electrode surrounds a peripheral area of the anode electrode inside the space. The second metal lead portion is connected to the cathode electrode and supported at the end of the enclosing tube. The cathode electrode has a side surface through a part of which a through-hole passes.

Abstract: A Geiger-Muller counter tube includes a cylindrical enclosing tube, an anode electrode, a cylindrical cathode electrode, a bead, an inert gas, and a quenching gas. The cylindrical enclosing tube has a sealed space. The anode electrode is disposed inside the space and formed in a rod shape. The cylindrical cathode electrode surrounds a peripheral area of the anode electrode inside the space. The bead is formed of an insulator and having a through-hole in the center, the anode electrode passing through the through-hole. The bead is secured to the anode electrode in a position where the anode electrode is surrounded by the cathode electrode. The inert gas and the quenching gas are sealed inside the space. The bead prevents a direct contact between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.

Abstract: A vibrator includes a base substrate, a tuning fork type vibrating body, a first vibrating body, a second vibrating body, a first extraction electrode at the one vibration arm portion, a second extraction electrode at the other vibration arm portion, and an input/output port at the base portion. The input/output port is configured to input/output an electric signal to/from each of the first extraction electrode, the second extraction electrode, and the excitation electrodes of the vibration arm portions. The tuning fork type vibrating body is configured to generate a flexural vibration in reverse phase to the contour vibration of the first and second vibrating bodies, so as to absorb the contour vibration of the first and second vibrating bodies.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit includes a first resonator, a second resonator, and a frequency adjusting unit. The second resonator has a frequency characteristic different from a frequency characteristic of the first resonator. The frequency adjusting unit is configured to change a ratio between a contribution of the first resonator and a contribution of the second resonator so as to adjust an output frequency.

Abstract: A resonator includes a ring-shaped or disk-shaped resonator main body, a supporting joist, and a securing portion. The supporting joist extends from the resonator main body to support the resonator main body. The securing portion is formed at a distal end of the supporting joist and the securing portion is secured to a base material. The securing portion includes a first rod-shaped portion and a second rod-shaped portion. The first rod-shaped portion is formed in a first direction. The second rod-shaped portion is formed in a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: In order to provide complete removal of a sacrificial layer on a bottom surface of a disk during an etching process, without leaving residue, a disk type resonator of an electrostatic drive type includes a disk type resonator structure; a pair of drive electrodes at a predetermined gap from an outer peripheral portion of the disk type resonator structure and disposed at both sides of the resonator structure so as to face each other; a unit for applying an alternating current bias voltage with a same phase to the drive electrodes; and a detection unit that obtains an output corresponding to an electrostatic capacitance between the disk type resonator structure and the drive electrodes. The disk type resonator structure has a through hole in the center of the disk and is vibrated in a wineglass mode.

Abstract: A variation in a resonance frequency due to variation in dimension accuracy of the supporting structure of the vibrating unit is reduced, and energy loss leaked from the supporting structure is reduced as much as possible. The electrostatic drive disk-type MEMS vibrator includes: a disk type vibrating unit; drive electrodes disposed at a prescribed gap g from the peripheral portion of the disk type vibrating unit and disposed at both sides of the vibrating unit so as to face each other; a unit for applying alternating current bias voltages of the same phase to the drive electrodes; and detection units that obtain outputs corresponding to the capacitance between the disk type vibrating unit and the drive electrodes. The disk type vibrating unit is supported by a pillar-shaped supporting structure disposed upright at the center of the disk and a transverse cross-sectional shape of the supporting structure is non-circular.

Abstract: A vibrator includes a base substrate, a tuning fork type vibrating body, a first vibrating body, a second vibrating body, a first extraction electrode at the one vibration arm portion, a second extraction electrode at the other vibration arm portion, and an input/output port at the base portion. The input/output port is configured to input/output an electric signal to/from each of the first extraction electrode, the second extraction electrode, and the excitation electrodes of the vibration arm portions. The tuning fork type vibrating body is configured to generate a flexural vibration in reverse phase to the contour vibration of the first and second vibrating bodies, so as to absorb the contour vibration of the first and second vibrating bodies.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a SAW device having an electrode film on a lithium tantalate substrate having a cut angle approximate to 36 degree rotated Y cut, the electrode film including an aluminum single crystal film having improved power durability. The SAW device has interdigital electrodes on a substrate. The substrate is constructed of a 38 to 44 degree rotated Y cut lithium tantalate single crystal, each interdigital electrode includes a titanium film and an aluminum film formed thereon, and the aluminum film is a single crystal film which develops only spots on selected area electron diffraction analysis.

Abstract: The surface acoustic wave device of the invention comprises a piezoelectric substrate made up of 64° rotated Y-cut lithium niobate (64LN) or 36° rotated Y-cut lithium tantalate (36LT) and an interdigital electrode formed thereon. The interdigital electrode comprises a titanium buffer metal film and an aluminum film formed thereon. On the 64LN substrate, both the titanium buffer metal film and the aluminum film are converted into a single-crystal film that manifests itself in a spot form alone upon selected-area electron diffraction. By forming the aluminum film on the 36LT substrate with the titanium buffer metal film located therebetween, it is possible to obtain a high-orientation, polycrystalline aluminum film oriented in the (111) direction. The aluminum film is made up of a single-crystal film or a high-orientation polycrystalline film oriented in the (111) direction, whereby migration of aluminum atoms is inhibited, resulting in a power-durability improvement.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a surface acoustic wave device including forming a single-phase unidirectional transducer based on calculating frequency responses of the positive and negative conversion losses along a surface acoustic wave propagation direction by coupling-of-modes equations, where A+(x) and A−(x) are the mode amplitudes of the surface acoustic waves propagated respectively in the positive direction (forward direction) and negative direction (backward direction) of the x axis and where boundary conditions of the initial and final analytical points are respectively expressed by A+(0)=0 and A−(L)=0. The method includes setting A+(0)=0 (or A−(L)=0) as a boundary condition, setting A−(0) (or A+(L)) to an arbitrary value as an initial value of A−(0) (or A+(L)), and calculating coupling-mode-equations while repeatedly altering A−(0) (or A+(L)) until A−(L)=0 (or until A+(0)=0).

Abstract: In the electrode of a surface acoustic wave apparatus, the element concentration of copper in the aluminum alloy film is higher in the neighbors of grain boundary than the concentration within the crystal grain, and segregates to the neighbors of crystal grain boundary. In the electrode of this surface acoustic wave apparatus, the concentration of copper existing in the form of copper element, rather than in the form of intermetallic compound of copper and aluminum precipitated to the crystal grain boundary, is higher in the crystal grain boundary than the concentration within the crystal grain, and is in the segregation state. A ratio of a copper concentration in the neighbors of grain boundary to a copper concentration within the crystal grain in an aluminum alloy film forming an electrode of a surface acoustic wave apparatus is greater than 1.6. It is preferable that an electrode formed on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate is made of an aluminum alloy film doped with a copper in a range from 0.