Abstract: The present invention discloses crystals of phenylalanine derivatives which have a specific structural formula, and particularly crystals which are easy to be used; crystals excellent in preservation stability, humidity resistance or solubility; and crystals which can be manufactured on the industrial scale. The present invention also discloses the production method thereof and use thereof, and particularly the use thereof as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Specific phenylalanine derivatives and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to ?4 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases concerning ?4 integrin.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystals of phenylalanine derivatives of the formula (I): and particularly ?-type, ?-type, ?-type, ?-type, and ?-type crystals thereof. These crystals are excellent in preservation stability or moisture resistance. They can also be produced on an industrial scale.

Abstract: An image processing device able to display an image in high quality in a color image display using fixed pixels, which drives a display device making pixels of R, G and B arranged inside each of a plurality of areas on a screen emit light to display a designated color in unit areas, wherein a signal generation circuit determines a pixel of which an arrangement position is not matched with a reference position of the unit area used for reference by a first pixel signal as a target to be interpolated among pixels of R, G and B, generates a second pixel signal which uses the arrangement position of the pixel to be interpolated as a reference on the basis of the first pixel signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a phenylalanine derivative(s) having a quinazolinedione ring of formula (5), including steps comprising of reacting an acylphenylalanine derivative(s) of formula (1) with a carbonyl group-introducing reagent(s) and a derivative(s) of anthranilic acid to form an asymmetric urea intermediate(s); making the asymmetric urea intermediate(s) into a quinazolinedione compound(s) of formula (4) in the presence of a base(s); and N-alkylating quinazolinedione ring amide of the obtained quinazolinedione compounds with N-alkylation agents. This production method is an industrially applicable method for producing phenylalanine derivatives having a quinazolinedione skeleton, which are compounds highly useful as drugs having ? 4 integrin inhibiting activity.

Abstract: Specific phenylalanine derivatives and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to ?4 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases concerning ?4 integrin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a transition metal catalyst, comprising a Group 8 metal and a ligand having the structure wherein R, R′ and R″ are organic groups having 1-15 carbon atoms, n=1-5, and m=0-4. The present invention is also directed to a method of forming a compound having an aromatic or vinylic carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, or carbon-carbon bond using the above catalyst. The catalyst and the method of using the catalyst are advantageous in preparation of compounds under mild conditions of approximately room temperature and pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a transition metal catalyst, comprising a Group 8 metal and a ligand having the structure 1

Abstract: An industrially suitable process for preparing V-28-3M useful as an antimycotic agent by conducting methyl esterification of V-28-3 efficiently. V-28-2 is efficiently converted into V-28-3M by protecting the amino group of the amino sugar of V-28-3 with an appropriate protecting group, subjecting the carboxyl group of V-28-3 to methyl esterification with methyl methanesulfonate or methyl p-toluenesulfonate in the presence of a base, and deprotecting the N-protected intermediate.

Abstract: A process for purifying 2-amino-6-chloro-9-[(1′S,2′R)-1′,2′-bis(hydroxymethyl) cycdopropane-1′-yl]methylpurine represented by the following formula (5) comprises the step of selectively isolating 2-amino-6-chloro-9-[(1′S,2′R)-1′,2′-bis(hydroxymethyl) cyclopropane-1′-yl]methylpurine from a mixture of 2-amino-6-chloro-9-[(1′S,2′R)-1′,2′-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropane-1′-yl]methylpurine and 2-amino-6-chloro-7-[(1′S,2′R)-1′,2′-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropane-1′-yl]methylpurine represented by the following formula (6) by the crystallization. This process has a satisfactory medicinal quality on an industrial scale without necessitating complicated operations such as chromatographic purification.

Abstract: A method for resolving optically impure 3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo?3.1.0!hexane-1-carboxylic acid esters. A method is provided for producing a 1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.N-benzyl-.alpha.-phenylethylamine diastereomer salt. An enantiomer of N-benzyl-.alpha.-phenylethylamine is reacted with a 1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to produce a precipitate that is enriched in one diastereomer of the salt. After isolating the optically active salt, the N-benzyl-.alpha.-phenylethylamine may be separated to produce the corresponding 1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Under acidic conditions, the carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups undergo ring closure to afford the optically active 3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo?3.1.0!hexane-1-carboxylic acid ester.