Abstract: A space that closely approximates the state of an actual flame is reproduced without depending on temporal periods. Namely, by reproducing a spatiotemporal pattern of a flame, the light source can be caused to emit warm light, whereby a compact and inexpensive imitation flame generating apparatus is provided. The imitation flame generating apparatus 1 comprises a light source 10 and a control device 40 for controlling the output of electric current to the light source 10. The control device 40 comprises computation means 41 for computing a spatiotemporal pattern of the flame using a coupled map lattice, and output means 42 for outputting the electric current in accordance with the thus computed spatiotemporal pattern of the flame.

Abstract: A space that closely approximates the state of an actual flame is reproduced without depending on temporal periods. Namely, by reproducing a spatiotemporal pattern of a flame, the light source can be caused to emit warm light, whereby a compact and inexpensive imitation flame generating apparatus is provided. The imitation flame generating apparatus 1 comprises a light source 10 and a control device 40 for controlling the output of electric current to the light source 10. The control device 40 comprises computation means 41 for computing a spatiotemporal pattern of the flame using a coupled map lattice, and output means 42 for outputting the electric current in accordance with the thus computed spatiotemporal pattern of the flame.

Abstract: A structural Fe—Cr steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof are provided, the steel sheet having an as-hot rolled tensile strength of about 400 to about 450 MPa and generating no embrittlement in welded portions even when rapid heating and cooling is performed by electric resistance welding. In addition, structural shaped steel is also provided which is formed from the steel sheet described above by using electric resistance welding.

Abstract: A pressure filling method and a filling apparatus which fills a given quantity of liquid medicine, for example, into ampoules under pressure. A controller 8 initially opens open/close valves 13 of filling mechanisms 7 to commence the filling of liquid medicine 3 into ampoules 2 from nozzles 14. The liquid pressure of liquid medicine 3 is measured at a given time interval by a liquid pressure sensor 15, and is input to the controller 8. The controller 8 determines a mean value of liquid pressure at the end of each measurement on the basis of liquid pressures which are input during each measurement from the liquid pressure sensor 15, and calculates a predicted time for completion of filling on the basis of liquid pressures obtained at the end of each measurement. The predicted times for completion of filling thus determined at the end of each measurement are averaged to provide a corrected predicted time for completion of filling.