Abstract: A localization target for a digital surgical stereoscope is disclosed herein. In an example, the localization target includes a shell apparatus for a surgical imaging camera. The apparatus includes a top surface integrally formed with a front surface and two opposing side surfaces defining empty space therebetween. Each of the top surface, the side surfaces, and the front surface includes at least three tracking features. The apparatus also includes at least six kinematic constraints located on an internally facing side of at least one of the top surface, the side surfaces, or the front surface. The apparatus further includes a connector that is positioned within an area defined by the at least six kinematic constraints.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure may include an imaging system that includes a de-icing assembly. The de-icing assembly may include a de-icing window and a window frame. The de-icing window may be constructed from Float Zone Silicon, single crystal sapphire, and/or germanium. The de-icing assembly may be coupled to a lens barrel of a camera. Heat generated by a heater element of the camera may be conducted via the housing and the lens barrel of the camera to the de-icing assembly. The heated de-icing assembly may prevent the formation of ice on the de-icing window by conducting heat to the de-icing window.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure may include an imaging system that includes a de-icing assembly. The de-icing assembly may include a de-icing window and a window frame. The de-icing window may be constructed from Float Zone Silicon, single crystal sapphire, and/or germanium. The de-icing assembly may be coupled to a lens barrel of a camera. Heat generated by a heater element of the camera may be conducted via the housing and the lens barrel of the camera to the de-icing assembly. The heated de-icing assembly may prevent the formation of ice on the de-icing window by conducting heat to the de-icing window.