Abstract: A transverse optical transmission probe having a probe body and a probe tip. The probe use optical fibers to both transmit radiation from an instrument to the probe tip and to return the sample affected radiation to the instrument. The fibers are in parallel and contained in the probe body. The probe tip includes two optical elements that protrude into the sample and are configured to define a sample gap so that incident radiation pass through the sample in a direction transverse to the axis to the probe and eventually reaches the receiving fiber. Each of the optical elements may be formed from a single piece of material or may be a composite formed by adhering two or more pieces of material together. One or more lensed surfaces may be used to cause the end of the transmitting fiber to be imaged on the end of the receiving fiber.

Abstract: A spectroscopic measuring device for minimizing spurious absorption due to undesired gases. The device includes a probe body, or a transmission cell formed from a central measurement cell and first and second probe bodies. Each probe body is subject to leakage of undesired gas, especially over time in the presence of high pressure gas. Each probe body includes a bore located between a primary window disposed at or near a distal end and a secondary window located at or near the proximal end. It being observed that the absorbance is proportional to the pathlength and inversely proportional to the volume as long as the pressure in the probe body remains low compared to that in the measurement cell, a glass filler rod is located in the bore and a is void located adjacent to the filler glass rod, thereby minimizing spurious absorption even in the presence of leakage.

Abstract: A transverse optical transmission probe having a probe body and a probe tip. The probe use optical fibers to both transmit radiation from an instrument to the probe tip and to return the sample affected radiation to the instrument. The fibers are in parallel and contained in the probe body. The probe tip includes two optical elements that protrude into the sample and are configured to define a sample gap so that incident radiation pass through the sample in a direction transverse to the axis to the probe and eventually reaches the receiving fiber. Each of the optical elements may be formed from a single piece of material or may be a composite formed by adhering two or more pieces of material together. One or more lensed surfaces may be used to cause the end of the transmitting fiber to be imaged on the end of the receiving fiber.

Abstract: A spectroscopic measuring device for minimizing spurious absorption due to undesired gases. The device includes a probe body, or a transmission cell formed from a central measurement cell and first and second probe bodies. Each probe body is subject to leakage of undesired gas, especially over time in the presence of high pressure gas. Each probe body includes a bore located between a primary window disposed at or near a distal end and a secondary window located at or near the proximal end.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the preparation of the bicyclic oxazine carboxaldehyde Compound 1: The invention also relates to the use of Compound 1 in the preparation of ?-lactamase inhibitors.

Abstract: A system for producing fishmeal from sewage includes three main facilities: a hatchery, a system of treated sewage maturation ponds and a fish processing plant. Each of hatchery, plant ponds and plant occupy respective sites; all of which are disposed adjacent or near to each of the others. The commencement and end of the cycle of the processing at each of the facilities in system are synchronised.

Abstract: Described is a method for producing fishmeal from sewage includes three main facilities. These facilities include a hatchery, a system of treated sewage maturation ponds and a fish processing plant. Each of the hatchery, the plant ponds and the plant occupy respective sites; all of which are disposed adjacent or near to each of the others. The commencement and end of the cycle of the processing at each of the facilities in system are synchronised.

Abstract: The invention comprises a spectroscopic measuring device, a seal for such a device, and a method for sealing such a device. A window having a first and second portion is disposed in a cavity of a housing. The first portion is adjacent to an exterior of the device and has a first diameter less than a second diameter of the second portion, thus forming a shoulder therebetween and defining a gap between the first portion and an interior housing surface. An intermediate ring with a, metallic coating is disposed in the gap adjacent to the shoulder. A retaining ring is disposed in the gap adjacent to the intermediate ring. An exposed surface of the retaining ring is flush with an end housing surface and an exposed sapphire surface. A portion of the exposed retaining ring surface is electron beam welded to a portion of the end housing surface. The housing, intermediate ring, and retaining ring comprise a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy.

Abstract: A sparging-infrared liquid analyzing system having a vessel in which a gas stream makes a single pass through a liquid stream containing contaminants, in order to provide vapor-to-liquid equilibrium of contaminants in the gas stream. The gas stream is then passed through a condenser, in which the gas temperature is precisely controlled, and the gas is cooled to a point below the dew point of water vapor in the gas stream. The gas is then flowed into a gas cell for infrared analysis. Water vapor effects are removed from the analytical output. Also, the effects of excessive depletion of relatively insoluble contaminants are removed from the analytical output.