Patents by Inventor Norman A. Sanford
Norman A. Sanford has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 10153144Abstract: A extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrometer includes: a radiation source to: produce EUV radiation; subject a sample to the EUV radiation; photoionize a plurality of atoms of the sample; and form photoions from the atoms subject to photoionization by the EUV radiation, the photoions being field evaporated from the sample in response to the sample being subjected to the EUV radiation; and an ion detector to detect the photoions: as a function of a time-of-arrival of the photoions at the ion detector after the sample is subjected to the EUV radiation; or as a function of a position of the photoions at the ion detector.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 2017Date of Patent: December 11, 2018Assignee: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AS REPRESENED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCEInventors: Norman A. Sanford, Ann Chiaramonti Debay
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Patent number: 9899197Abstract: A hybrid extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrometer includes: a radiation source to: produce EUV radiation; subject a sample to the EUV radiation; photoionize a plurality of atoms of the sample; and form photoions from the atoms subject to photoionization by the EUV radiation, the photoions being desorbed from the sample in response to the sample being subjected to the EUV radiation; an ion detector to detect the photoions: as a function of a time-of-arrival of the photoions at the ion detector after the sample is subjected to the EUV radiation; or as a function of a position of the photoions at the ion detector; an electron source to: produce a plurality of primary electrons; subject the sample to the primary electrons; and form scattered electrons from the sample in response to the sample being subjected to the primary electrons; and an electron detector to detect the scattered electrons: as a function of a time-of-arrival of the scattered electrons at the electron detector after the sample is subjectedType: GrantFiled: August 2, 2016Date of Patent: February 20, 2018Assignees: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINESInventors: Norman A. Sanford, Ann Chiaramonti Debay, Brian P. Gorman, David R. Diercks
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Publication number: 20170301526Abstract: A extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrometer includes: a radiation source to: produce EUV radiation; subject a sample to the EUV radiation; photoionize a plurality of atoms of the sample; and form photoions from the atoms subject to photoionization by the EUV radiation, the photoions being field evaporated from the sample in response to the sample being subjected to the EUV radiation; and an ion detector to detect the photoions: as a function of a time-of-arrival of the photoions at the ion detector after the sample is subjected to the EUV radiation; or as a function of a position of the photoions at the ion detector.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 26, 2017Publication date: October 19, 2017Inventors: NORMAN A. SANFORD, ANN CHIARAMONTI DEBAY
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Publication number: 20170062198Abstract: A hybrid extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrometer includes: a radiation source to: produce EUV radiation; subject a sample to the EUV radiation; photoionize a plurality of atoms of the sample; and form photoions from the atoms subject to photoionization by the EUV radiation, the photoions being desorbed from the sample in response to the sample being subjected to the EUV radiation; an ion detector to detect the photoions: as a function of a time-of-arrival of the photoions at the ion detector after the sample is subjected to the EUV radiation; or as a function of a position of the photoions at the ion detector; an electron source to: produce a plurality of primary electrons; subject the sample to the primary electrons; and form scattered electrons from the sample in response to the sample being subjected to the primary electrons; and an electron detector to detect the scattered electrons: as a function of a time-of-arrival of the scattered electrons at the electron detector after the sample is subjectedType: ApplicationFiled: August 2, 2016Publication date: March 2, 2017Inventors: NORMAN A. SANFORD, ANN CHIARAMONTI DEBAY, BRIAN P. GORMAN, DAVID R. DIERCKS
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Patent number: 8484756Abstract: A scanning probe microscopy instrument includes a cantilevered tip that has a nanowire light emitting diode (LED).Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 2011Date of Patent: July 9, 2013Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, the National Institute of Standards and TechnologyInventors: Kristine A. Bertness, Norman A. Sanford, Pavel Kabos, Thomas M. Wallis
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Publication number: 20120185977Abstract: A scanning probe microscopy instrument includes a cantilevered tip that has a nanowire light emitting diode (LED).Type: ApplicationFiled: January 19, 2011Publication date: July 19, 2012Inventors: Kristine A. Bertness, Norman A. Sanford, Pavel Kabos, Thomas M. Wallis
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Patent number: 7050470Abstract: The invention is directed to optical devices comprising a solid-state structured glass substrate having at least one waveguide incorporated therein, particularly waveguides and lasers incorporating such structure. The invention is also directed to methods for modifying such devices and their properties. The waveguides and lasers of the invention provide advantageous high power and increased slope efficiency and find use, for example, in telecommunications applications.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2000Date of Patent: May 23, 2006Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of CommerceInventors: Joseph S. Hayden, David L. Veasey, Norman A. Sanford, David S. Funk
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Patent number: 6970494Abstract: Apparatus and method for integrating lasers and optics on glass substrates. An optical (e.g., laser) component formed from a glass substrate doped with a optically active lanthanides species with a plurality of waveguides defined by channels within the substrate. The laser component optionally includes a monolithic array of individual waveguides in which the waveguides form laser resonator cavities with differing resonance characteristics. Another aspect is directed toward pumping the laser wherein a superstrate waveguide cavity, or cladding, Ls positioned adjacent the substrate waveguide for supplying the latter with pump light. A closed crucible processing of optical waveguides on a glass substrate is also described. Waveguides are created by exposing a surface of the substrate to an ion-exchange solvent (e.g., a molten salt). A tightly sealed multi-part crucible is provided in order that gas does not leak in or out of the crucible during cooling or heating of the system.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2000Date of Patent: November 29, 2005Assignees: Teem Photonics, S.A., The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of CommerceInventors: Mark P. Bendett, Norman A. Sanford, David L. Veasey
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Patent number: 6430349Abstract: The invention is directed to optical devices comprising a solid-state structured glass substrate having at least one waveguide incorporated therein, particularly waveguides and lasers incorporating such structure. The invention is also directed to methods for modifying such devices and their properties. The waveguides and lasers of the invention provide advantageous high power and increased slope efficiency and find use, for example, in telecommunications applications.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2000Date of Patent: August 6, 2002Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of CommerceInventors: Joseph S. Hayden, David L. Veasey, Norman A. Sanford, David S. Funk
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Patent number: 6381392Abstract: The invention is directed to optical devices comprising a solid-state structured glass substrate having at least one waveguide incorporated therein, particularly waveguides and lasers incorporating such structure. The invention is also directed to methods for modifying such devices and their properties. The waveguides and lasers of the invention provide advantageous high power and increased slope efficiency and find use, for example, in telecommunications applications.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2000Date of Patent: April 30, 2002Assignees: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, The Regents of the University of ColoradoInventors: Joseph S. Hayden, David L. Veasey, David S. Funk, Norman A. Sanford, Sally Pucilowski
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Patent number: 5491708Abstract: A laser waveguide medium is provided comprising:a laser glass substrate wherein the substrate is a glass comprising (on an oxide composition basis):______________________________________ Mole % ______________________________________ P.sub.2 O.sub.5 50-70 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-13 Na.sub.2 O 10-35 La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-6 Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 >0-6 R'O 0-20 R.sub.2 O 0-18 ______________________________________wherein Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 is the sum of the oxides of active lasing lanthanides of atomic numbers 58-71, R'O is the sum of oxides of Mg, Ca, Cr, Ba, Zn and Pb, and R.sub.2 O is the sum of oxides of Li, K, Rb and Cs; anda waveguide region embedded in the substrate, the waveguide region having a higher refractive index than the substrate and the waveguide region having an inlet region through which light can enter and an outlet region through which light can exit.Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 1994Date of Patent: February 13, 1996Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of CommerceInventors: Kevin J. Malone, Joseph S. Hayden, Norman A. Sanford, John A. Aust
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Patent number: 4925263Abstract: Optimal sum-frequency and second harmonic generators are fabricated in ferroelectric waveguides by taking into account the interference between generated beams of Cerenkov radiation.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1988Date of Patent: May 15, 1990Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Norman A. Sanford, James M. Connors
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Patent number: 4887878Abstract: An external light modulator which relies on efficient changes in electro-optic coupling of light between copolarized guided modes in a single waveguide channel formed in a lithium niobate or lithium tantalate substrate by proton exchange with benzoic acid.Type: GrantFiled: September 22, 1988Date of Patent: December 19, 1989Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: William C. Robinson, Norman A. Sanford
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Patent number: 4791388Abstract: An optical modulator comprises a crystal whose top surface includes a channel waveguide whose axis makes an angle with the crystal optic axis larger than the critical angle for TE-polarized leaky mode propagation. An electrode structure overlies the top surface of the crystal for inducing mode conversion of TM-polarized waves propagating in the waveguide to lossy radiation modes.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1987Date of Patent: December 13, 1988Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Norman A. Sanford, Amaresh Mahapatra
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Patent number: 4776656Abstract: A TE-TM mode converter utilizes a Y-cut lithium niobate crystal which includes a straight titanium-diffused channel extending along the Z-axis of the crystal. A parallel pair of electrodes lie symmetrically on opposite sides of the channel. a.c. and d.c. voltage supplies are connected to the electrodes to supply voltages so as to effect complete conversion from one direction of polarization to the other direction of polarization of a wave applied as an input to one end of the channel for abstraction at the opposite end.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1987Date of Patent: October 11, 1988Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Norman A. Sanford, William A. Dyes, James M. Connors
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Patent number: 4775208Abstract: A planar waveguide device including metallic electrodes has a buffer layer of reduced ordinary index of refraction formed in a substrate between its waveguide and electrodes. The device is preferably formed by first fabricating the waveguide in an x-or y-cut substrate of crystalline material, subsequently overcoating the substrate, including the waveguide, with a layer of magnesium, oxidizing the magnesium at temperature to form the buffer layer and then laying the electrodes over the buffer layer. Alternatively, the buffer layer may be formed by a proton exchange process.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1986Date of Patent: October 4, 1988Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: William C. Robinson, Norman A. Sanford
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Patent number: 4695121Abstract: Integrated optic resonant structures for use in optical communications and sensing applications requiring control or detection of electromagnetic radiation in the optical region of the spectrum. Preferably of planar form, the structures comprise a substrate made of a ferroelectric crystalline material in which there is formed by selectively exchanging protons for an ionic constituent of the substrate at least one optically continuous waveguiding region having predetermined resonant characteristics. At least one other waveguiding region is similarly formed in the substrate to optically couple with the resonant region and includes at least one port by which radiation can be coupled in and out of the substrate. The substrate material is preferably lithium niobate (LiNbO.sub.3) or lithium tantalate (LiTaO.sub.3) in which lithium ions are selectively exchanged for protons supplied by diffusion from a hydrogen rich acid.Type: GrantFiled: January 28, 1985Date of Patent: September 22, 1987Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Amaresh Mahapatra, Donald H. McMahon, William C. Robinson, Norman A. Sanford
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Patent number: 4607909Abstract: A method for externally modulating an optical carrier wave by propagating the wave through a single channel waveguide structured to have an output whose optical power in the near field is distributed in a predetermined spatial pattern, selectively changing the optical power distribution pattern in correspondence with an information signal, and spatially filtering the power distribution pattern so that only the power available within selected region of the pattern is transmitted beyond the point of spatial filtering where it is available as an optical carrier wave whose intensity is modulated in correspondence with the information signal.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 1984Date of Patent: August 26, 1986Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventor: Norman A. Sanford
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Patent number: 4607916Abstract: Apparatus employing a light beam to affect another light beam. A primary beam of linearly polarized monochromatic light is directed on an element of chromium chalcogenide spinel magnetic semiconductor, specifically single crystal CdCr.sub.2 Se.sub.4. A control beam of monochromatic light is selectively elliptically polarized and directed at the element. As the light beams traverse the same path through the element the circularly polarized control beam interacts with the element thereby changing the effect of the element on the linearly polarized primary beam to rotate the plane of linear polarization of the primary beam. A linear polarization analyzer receives the primary beam from the element and passes, blocks, or diverts light depending upon the plane of linear polarization of the incident light.Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 1984Date of Patent: August 26, 1986Assignee: GTE Laboratories IncorporatedInventors: Norman A. Sanford, William J. Miniscalco, Alexander Lempicki
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Patent number: H1848Abstract: A rare-earth-doped waveguide device which exhibits stable cw laser and amplifier operation for near-infrared optical pumping in a room-temperature environment is provided. The waveguide device is comprised of an x- or y-cut LiNbO.sub.3 substrate on which metal-diffused channel optical waveguides are formed parallel to, or nearly parallel to, the crystallographic z-axis. The LiNbO.sub.3 substrate is rare-earth doped either by thermal diffusion of single or multiple rare-earth ions. Alternatively, the rare-earth doped substrate is doped with rare-earth ions during the growth of the crystal from which the substrate was prepared with additional thermal diffusion of rare-earth dopants as required. This orientation of the waveguide channel substantially parallel to the crystallographic z-axis permits reliable laser and amplifier action without the destabilizing effects of photorefractive optical damage.Type: GrantFiled: August 18, 1997Date of Patent: May 2, 2000Inventors: Jaymin Amin, John Andrew Aust, Norman A. Sanford, Mark P. Bendett