Abstract: A dehydrofluorination process is disclosed for making hydrofluoroolefins of the structure RfCH?CHRf, wherein each Rf is independently a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkyl group having a terminal hydrogen. The process involves reacting RfCH2CHFRf with a basic aqueous solution to produce a product mixture comprising RfCH?CHRf.

Abstract: A dehydrofluorination process is disclosed for making hydrofluoroolefins of the structure RfCH?CHRf, wherein each Rf is independently a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkyl group having a terminal hydrogen. The process involves reacting RfCH2CHFRf with a basic aqueous solution to produce a product mixture comprising RfCH?CHRf.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization process comprises gas-phase polymerization of at least one olefin monomer in a reactor using a Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalyst system in the presence of at least one suitable radical-generating compound in an amount sufficient for polymer modification and subsequent stabilization of such compound and generated radicals before post-reactor heat processing.

Abstract: A composition and processes for producing the composition are provided. The composition comprises titanium chelates having the formulae of TiXm(OR)4−m, TiXm(OR)(4−m)/2(OR1)(4−m)/2, and TiXm(OR1)4−m in which X is a radical derived from a chelating agent such as, for example, a diketone, a diester, a ketoester, or combinations of two or more thereof; m is a number from about 1.5 to about 2.5; each R and R1 is independently an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms per radical; and R1 differs from R. The process can comprise contacting at least one tetraalkyl titanates with a chelating agent to produce a product mixture comprising a titanium chelate and an alcohol, substantially removing the alcohol to produce an alcohol-reduced titanium chelate, optionally contacting the alcohol-reduced titanium chelate with a second, and further optionally reducing the alcohol content of the titanium.

Abstract: An ultraviolet transmittance analyzer for fabrics, translucent packaging, sunscreen products and the like using an internally pulsed white-light illuminated integrating sphere, exiting sample and reference diffusely reflected beams, and applying them respectively to separate sample and reference spectrographs with light detector arrays.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a spent catalyst from conventional fluorination processes into a commercially useful tantalum or niobium salt such as K.sub.2 TaF.sub.7 or K.sub.2 NbF.sub.7. The process broadly relates to dissolving the spent catalyst in water or an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution, separating and disposing the undissolved residue, extracting the aqueous solution with a suitable solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and obtaining useful tantalum products from the MIBK solution such as a tantalum salt.

Abstract: An inflator for automatically inflating an inflatable article, such as a personal flotation vest, upon immersion in water. A plunger and a piercing pin are movably mounted within a housing and are movable with respect to a pressurized gas canister attached to the housing. A force generating mechanism, mounted within the housing, acts on the plunger to forcibly move the plunger and the piercing pin to pierce the canister to release the pressurized gas therefrom through the housing to an inflatable article attached to the housing. A pair of spaced water sensor probes mounted in the housing provide a signal to a control device indicating that the housing is immersed in water. The control device activates a release mechanism which rotates a cam to release a spring-biased ram in the force generating mechanism from a first, retracted position such that the ram engages the plunger and urges the plunger and the piercing pin under force into the sealed end of the gas canister.

Abstract: An inflator for automatically inflating an inflatable article, such as a personal flotation vest, upon immersion in water. A plunger is movably mounted within a housing and is movable with respect to a pressurized gas canister attached to the housing. An internally resettable automatic actuator mechanism, mounted within the housing, acts on the plunger to move the plunger to pierce the canister to release the pressurized gas therefrom through the housing to the inflatable article attached to the housing. A pair of spaced water sensor probes mounted in the housing provide a signal to a control device indicating that the housing is immersed in water. The control device activates the automatic actuator mechanism to release a spring-biased ram from a latched position such that the ram engages and urges the plunger under force into the sealed end of the gas canister.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) composition useful in making a high clarity sulfated salt of a C.sub.8-22 natural or synthetic predominantly straight chain aliphatic primary alcohol to a process for making the improved CSA composition and to improved CSA composition by the process.The CSA contains less than 1 weight percent sulfuric acid, less than 0.47 weight percent sulfur trioxide, less than 5 parts per million iron and less than 0.5 relative percent pyrosulfuryl chloride.The CSA process involves contacting the hydrogen chloride and sulfur trioxide at the point of reaction with from 0.75 to 1.5 weight percent sulfuric acid based on the stoichiometric rate of CSA produced from the sulfur trioxide with an excess of hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A method for preparing high purity vanadium having a low silicon content has been developed. Vanadium pentoxide is reduced with a stoichiometric, or slightly deficient amount of aluminum to produce a vanadium-aluminum alloy containing an excess of oxygen. Silicon is removed by electron-beam melting the alloy under oxidizing conditions to promote the formation of SiO which is volatile at elevated temperatures. Excess oxygen is removed by heating the alloy in the presence of calcium metal to form calcium oxide.