Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plurality of staggered parallel dynodes disposed between two insulating vanes. The dynodes are disposed between a cathode at one end and a high energy electron filter at the other end. The electron filter includes at least two staggered filter bodies which extend into the space between the vanes. Each of the filter bodies extends slightly more than one-half the distance between the vanes so as to provide no straight path therethrough for high energy electrons, i.e., the filter is optically opaque. Between the dynodes closest to the cathode and the electron filter is a transition region. The transition region includes transition dynodes, having unequal widths and unequal spacings, and steering electrodes. In multiplier operation, the transition region functions to steer low energy electrons around the electron filter.

Abstract: Mechanical retension of a lead having a core material with a ductile metal plating of lower melting temperature is provided within a receiving opening of a fired ceramic body by heating the lead within the opening of the ceramic body to a temperature between the melting temperature of the plating on the lead and the melting temperature of the core material of the lead. A charge of molten plating material is formed and cast thereby, substantially by capillary action, within an interstitial opening at the lead-ceramic interface substantially conterminous to surfaces of interior surface irregularities within the opening. Upon cooling, an integral lead-ceramic body is formed wherein the lead is anchored within its receiving opening substantially by the casting of the plating material within the surface irregularities.

Abstract: This building block includes upper and lower sides having longitudinally extending ribs and grooves respectively interfitting with the grooves and ribs of compatibly formed blocks. The ribs and grooves include spaced faces inclined in the same general direction and interconnected by a transverse flat face. In the building wall construction corner blocks are provided having a partial rib and full groove; end blocks are provided having a partial groove and no rib, and cap blocks are provided having a full groove and no rib.