Abstract: A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): wherein R0, R1, R2 and R3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A method is described for seismic imaging that will produce a seismic image with correctly focused and positioned reflectors. This is accomplished by adding physical geological information to a beam tomography process to generate an updated earth model for the seismic imaging. The method may be executed by a computer system.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R0, R1, R2 and R3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of a polyhydric alcohol of formula H—(OR)n—OH and at least 1.5 molar equivalents of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group and n is at least 1.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and an alcohol or formula ROH, wherein R is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): wherein X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NR1 wherein R1 is H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q+ is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammonium cation; A? is an anion; R2 is an optionally substituted alkylene group; R3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when R3 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): (I) where in X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NR1 wherein R1is H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q? is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammoniumcation; A? is an anion; R2 is an optionally substituted alkylene group; R3 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when R3 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound or formula H—(OR)n—OR1, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1.

Abstract: A method of modifying a seismic image of a subsurface region includes identifying a location within the seismic image that includes a distortion, indicating a structural change associated with the distortion, that is selected to at least partially correct for the distortion, identifying a region causing the distortion in which corrections to a velocity model corresponding to the seismic image are to be applied, performing an inversion for the region in accordance with the indicated structural change, updating the velocity model on the basis of the inversion, and producing a modified seismic image on the basis of the updated velocity model.

Abstract: A beam tomography computer implemented method and system for generating improved seismic images and earth models without dependence on reflector structure is disclosed. Recorded seismic data is transformed into data beams which are compared to forward modeled beams using an earth model having a velocity model to compute raypaths and a seismic image to specify the reflectors. The tomographic updates to the earth model and velocity model are based on misalignments between the data beams and the same beams forward modeled from the velocity model and the seismic image. The updated earth model and seismic image better describe the true propagation of the beams through the earth.

Abstract: Seismic data representing the propagation of seismic energy through a geologic volume of interest is processed. The seismic energy propagates through the geologic volume of interest from one or more source locations at or near the geologic volume of interest to one or more detector locations at or near the geologic volume of interest. In processing the seismic data, the seismic energy is modeled as beams (e.g., Gaussian beams). The processing performed (i) corrects for misalignment of the one or more source locations and/or the one or more detector locations with a regular, predetermined mesh, and (ii) steers the seismic data based on the modeled beams.

Abstract: A method of modifying a seismic image of a subsurface region includes identifying a location within the seismic image that includes a distortion, indicating a structural change associated with the distortion, that is selected to at least partially correct for the distortion, identifying a region causing the distortion in which corrections to a velocity model corresponding to the seismic image are to be applied, performing an inversion for the region in accordance with the indicated structural change, updating the velocity model on the basis of the inversion, and producing a modified seismic image on the basis of the updated velocity model.

Abstract: The present invention incorporates the use of model-driven and data-driven methodologies to attenuate multiples in seismic data utilizing a prediction model which includes multiply-reflected, surface-related seismic waves. The present invention includes beam techniques that account for beam azimuth, and convolving a predicted multiples beam with a segment of a modeled pegleg beam to obtain a convolved multiples beam. The convolved multiples beam can then be deconvolved to attenuate the multiples that are present in the original input beam.

Abstract: A system and method that enable the processing of seismic data. In one embodiment, a system comprises a plurality of processing nodes and a server. The plurality of processing nodes are configured to process seismic data for migration. The server is operatively linked to each of the plurality of processing nodes to enable communication between the server and the processing nodes. The server may manage a set of stored beam tables that can be accessed by the processing nodes in order to process seismic data.

Abstract: A system and method that enable the processing of seismic data. In one embodiment, a system comprises a plurality of processing nodes and a server. The plurality of processing nodes are configured to process seismic data for migration. The server is operatively linked to each of the plurality of processing nodes to enable communication between the server and the processing nodes. The server may manage a set of stored beam tables that can be accessed by the processing nodes in order to process seismic data.

Abstract: A system and method that enable the processing of seismic data. In one embodiment, a system comprises a plurality of processing nodes and a server. The plurality of processing nodes are configured to process seismic data for migration. The server is operatively linked to each of the plurality of processing nodes to enable communication between the server and the processing nodes. The server may manage a set of stored beam tables that can be accessed by the processing nodes in order to process seismic data.

Abstract: A system and method approximate a set of wave equations describing the propagation of seismic waves of one or more frequencies through a seismic volume of interest. In one embodiment, a ray-based initial beam solution is determined that describes the propagation of seismic waves at a first frequency through the seismic volume of interest as a set of one or more beams. Based on the ray-based initial beam solution, a refined finite-element beam solution is determined that describes the propagation of the seismic waves at the first frequency through the seismic volume of interest by approximating the two-way wave equation with a one-way wave equation.

Abstract: Seismic data representing the propagation of seismic energy through a geologic volume of interest is processed. The seismic energy propagates through the geologic volume of interest from one or more source locations at or near the geologic volume of interest to one or more detector locations at or near the geologic volume of interest. In processing the seismic data, the seismic energy is modeled as beams (e.g., Gaussian beams). The processing performed (i) corrects for misalignment of the one or more source locations and/or the one or more detector locations with a regular, predetermined mesh, and (ii) steers the seismic data based on the modeled beams.

Abstract: A beam tomography computer implemented method and system for generating improved seismic images and earth models without dependence on reflector structure is disclosed. Recorded seismic data is transformed into data beams which are compared to forward modeled beams using an earth model having a velocity model to compute raypaths and a seismic image to specify the reflectors. The tomographic updates to the earth model and velocity model are based on misalignments between the data beams and the same beams forward modeled from the velocity model and the seismic image. The updated earth model and seismic image better describe the true propagation of the beams through the earth.

Abstract: Seismic data acquired at or near a geologic volume of interest is processed. This may include forming an image of the geologic volume of interest from the seismic data. The seismic data may be processed by aggregating energy arrivals to reduce the number of imaging processes that must be performed to determine an image of the geologic volume of interest. This aggregation may be based on groupings of energy arrivals referred to herein as clusters.