Abstract: A composite and an electrode made of the same. The composite includes nanoparticles of an active material, said nanoparticles being surface refined by a post-synthetic annealing treatment to remove or minimize surface impurities thereon; and conformal graphene coating on each surface of said nanoparticles.

Abstract: A composite material and a method for fabricating the same. The composite material includes graphene and active material particles. Each surface of the active material particles is conformally coated with said graphene. The method includes forming a mixture containing an active material, graphene, ethyl cellulose (EC) polymer and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and thermally annealing the mixture at an annealing temperature in an oxidizing environment to decompose the majority of EC, thereby resulting in the composite material having each active material particle coated with a conformal graphene coating.