Abstract: The invention is a process to hydrogenate an aryl-substituted pyridine, such as 2-phenyl-3-aminopyridine, without over-reducing the aryl ring using a specific Pt/C catalyst.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and apparatus for calibrating an infra red camera at elevated temperatures using a reference surface. The method comprises selecting a normal well-fill condition for pixels in the camera in accordance with normal operating temperatures and stare time (30, 32, 34), using the normal well-fill condition to calculate a selected stare time/surface temperature combination for which selected non-uniform calibration coefficients are determined (36, 38), adjusting and re-adjusting the stare time/surface temperature to obtain adjusted and re-adjusted non-uniform calibration coefficients respectively (40, 42, 44, 46), and determining final non-uniform calibration coefficients for the camera using the selected, adjusted and re-adjusted non-uniform calibration coefficients (48).

Abstract: Described herein is an improved reference surface (10) which can be used for calibrating cooled infra red detectors. The reference surface (10) comprises a plurality of corner cube units (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22) which reflect radiation directly incident on them. The surface of each corner cube unit (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22) is partially reflective and partially emissive so that, when imaged by a cryogenically cooled detector, the reference surface (10) appears as a black body source at a lower temperature than the actual temperature thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is relates to a process for the preparation of an isoolefin polymer containing repeating units derived from at least one isoolefin, at least one divinyl aromatic monomer and, optionally, additional copolymerizable monomers, wherein the content of unreacted vinyl groups from the aromatic monomer is predicted by means of FTIR measurements. The present invention is related to a process for the preparation of an isoolefin polymer comprising repeating units derived from at least one isoolefin, at least one divinyl aromatic monomer and, optionally, further copolymerizable monomers, wherein the content of unreacted vinyl groups from the aromatic monomer is predicted by means of FTIR measurements and said prediction is subsequently used to alter at least one process parameter.

Abstract: The invention is a process to hydrogenate an aryl-substituted pyridine, such as 2-phenyl-3-aminopyridine, without over-reducing the aryl ring using a specific Pt/C catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is relates to a process for the preparation of an isoolefin polymer containing repeating units derived from at least one isoolefin, at least one divinyl aromatic monomer and, optionally, additional copolymerizable monomers, wherein the content of unreacted vinyl groups from the aromatic monomer is predicted by means of FTIR measurements.

Abstract: A commercial scale process for the production of tetrahydroisoquinolines and related heterocyclics by reaction, in mildly acidic conditions, of aryl N-sulfonylethylamines in the presence of a suitable Lewis acid, and a compound capable of in situ generation of formaldehyde. The process is further characterized by formaldehyde being generated by the reaction of the Lewis acid upon the formaldehyde generating agent, instead of being present as an initial reactant. The process further avoids the presence of initial water which destroys the Lewis acid before it can act upon the formaldehyde generating agent.