Abstract: A calculation method reduces a bit-width of an Ising model, the Ising model being expressed in terms of a plurality of spins, interaction coefficients between the plurality of spins, and external magnetic field coefficients acting respectively on the plurality of spins. The calculation method includes: adding an auxiliary spin to the Ising model; and setting a new interaction coefficient between the auxiliary spin and at least one of the plurality of spins to obtain a new Ising model, thereby reducing a bit-width of at least one of the interaction coefficients between the plurality of spins and the external magnetic field coefficients acting respectively on the plurality of spins.

Abstract: A hardware trojan detection method is provided including an input and output updating step of updating input and output values of all logic cells by performing computations according to logical expressions of all logic cells included in a netlist to be verified and a detection step of performing hardware trojan detection based on a comparison result of the updated input and output values and a threshold.