Abstract: A packet processing method and system, and a network device are disclosed, and belong to the field of network technologies. A first network device sends a first packet to a second network device through a first tunnel, and sends a second packet to a third network device through a second tunnel. The second network device forwards the first packet to the third network device through a third tunnel. The third network device processes the first packet and the second packet. The first network device is located at a first site. The second network device and the third network device are located at a second site. The first site and the second site are connected through a wide area network. Wide area network multipath transmission may be implemented in a multi-gateway scenario.

Abstract: User authentication is performed using a system that includes a service provider system, a device provisioning system, a user computer, and a portable mobile device. The user computer requests the service provider system for access to a remote online service. The user computer receives sign-in information from the device provisioning system. The sign-in information is transferred from the user computer to the portable mobile device, which provides the sign-in information and a unique device identifier of the portable mobile device to the device provisioning system. The device provisioning system identifies a user associated with the portable mobile device, and informs the service provider system the identity of the user. The service provider system allows the user computer to access the remote online service based on the identity of the user provided by the device provisioning system.

Abstract: Use of spiro compounds of formula (I), where K1 and K2 are, independently of one another, conjugated systems, as a laser dye.

Abstract: Poly(arylenevinylenes) comprising at least 20% of recurring units of the formula (I), where the symbols and indices have the following meanings: Aryl: is an aryl group having 4 to 14 carbon atoms; R′: is a substituent which is either in the labeled phenylene position 5 or 6 and is CN, F, Cl, N(R1R2) or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F; R″: are identical or different and are CN, F, Cl or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —(NR2R3)+—A− or —CONR4—, and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, or an aryl group having 4 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more non-aro

Abstract: Poly(arylenevinylenes) comprising at least 20% of recurring units of the formula (I), 1

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode with high luminance and high efficiency comprising an anode, an organic pn-junction and a cathode layered sequentially in this order, wherein the organic pn-junction emits light by an electric current passing through the diode in an electric field applied between the anode and the cathode, characterized in that the organic pn-junction is composed of an organic p-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film and an organic n-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film, wherein one surface of the organic p-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film is in contact with the anode and another surface of the organic p-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film is in contact with the organic n-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film, and one surface of the organic n-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film is in contact with the cathode and another surface of the organic n-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film is in contact with the organic p-type luminescent-semiconductor thin film and wherei

Abstract: An electroluminescent device, comprising at least one organic light emitting layer (103) sandwiched between two electrode layers (102, 104), wherein the ratio r of the sheet resistances of the bottom electrode layer (102) and the top electrode layer (104) is 0.3<=r<=3.

Abstract: Poly(arylenevinylenes) comprising at least 20% of recurring units of the formula (I), 1

Abstract: A process for forming a pattern which comprises irradiating with light a film of a poly(arylenevinylene) polymer represented by the following formula (I) —(Ar—CR1=CR2)n—  (I) wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic ring group, and the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the heterocyclic ring group may be a fused ring, R1, R2 independently of each other, are H, CN, alkyl, alkoxy are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycles, which may both be fused rings, and n is an integer of 2 or more. It is preferred that either R1 or R2 is H and more preferred that both R1 and R2 are H.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprising an anode, an organic hole transport layer, an organic emission layer and a cathode layered in this order on a substrate, or, optionally, comprising an additional electron transport layer between the organic emission layer and the cathode, wherein the organic emission layer comprises a naphthalimide derivative represented by formula (1) wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an aryl group which may have substituents or an aralkyl group which may have substituents, and R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are special substituents.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device comprising an anode, an organic hole transport layer, an organic emission layer and a cathode layered in this order on a substrate, or, optionally, comprising an additional electron transport layer between the organic emission layer and the cathode, wherein the organic emission layer comprises a benzoxazinone derivative represented by formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 is a specific acyl group or sulfonyl group, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are specific substituents.

Abstract: A low-cost, fast and highly accurate defective wire detector is provided for detecting defects of wires in a wiring board at least having one wiring layer. The detector has a light emitting element substrate comprising a transparent substrate and a light emitting element arranged thereon. The light emitting element is, for example, an organic light emitting element or an organic light emitting diode. The light emitting element substrate is placed to be in contact with wires on a wiring board under measurement. The detector detects and processes a condition of light emitted from the light emitting element substrate when a voltage is applied between the light emitting element substrate and the wiring board, and determines whether or not any defective wire is present.