Abstract: In some embodiments, a linguistic application exploits a linguistic knowledgebase (LKB) including, among others, lexicon data, inflection form data, and syntax data for a natural language such as English or Romanian. The application employs a set modules including a word retriever, a form generator, and a syntax checker, which are interconnected to perform a number of higher-level text-processing operations such as synthetic and analytic annotation, lemmatizing, spell checking, and grammar checking.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a linguistic knowledge base containing correspondences between pairs of words or multi-word expressions belonging to different natural languages is generated and maintained using a graphical user interface. A linguistic model generates dependency tree representations of each multi-word expression. The dependency trees are simultaneously displayed within a graphical user interface, allowing a user to indicate lexical correspondences between pairs of nodes. Computer-readable (e.g. XML) encodings of the lexical correspondences are generated and stored in the linguistic knowledge base. At least some of the nodes are procedural nodes representing procedures which turn numerals into numeric values or manipulate pictures or sounds embedded in text associated with the node.