Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds with a novel pyrazole thioamide-based NNSN structural motif, having highly effective zinc- or copper-activated toxicity against microbial infections at micromolar or nanomolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), and methods of making and using same.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in a cell or subject. The methods include contacting the cell with or administering to the subject one or more proteasome inhibitors, and contacting the cell with or administering to the subject one or more reactivating agents. Also provided are methods of treating an HIV infection in a subject. The methods include administering to the subject one or more proteasome inhibitors, administering to the subject one or more reactivating agents and administering to the subject one or more anti-retroviral agents.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in a cell or subject. The methods include contacting the cell with or administering to the subject one or more proteasome inhibitors, and contacting the cell with or administering to the subject one or more reactivating agents. Also provided are methods of treating an HIV infection in a subject. The methods include administering to the subject one or more proteasome inhibitors, administering to the subject one or more reactivating agents and administering to the subject one or more anti-retroviral agents.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods or reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in a cell. The methods comprise modulating a level of NF-?B activity in the cell by contacting the cell with an agent that produces a transient first increase in the level of NF-?B activity without a second delayed increase in NF-?B activity. Optionally, a second agent is used to prime the reactivation. Also provided herein is an isolated Massilia bacterium or population thereof capable of producing a HIV-1 reactivating factor (HRF). Also provided are methods of culturing the Massilia bacteria. Further provided are methods of reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject a HIV-1 reactivating factor produced by Massilia bacteria, optionally with a priming agent.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods or reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in a cell. The methods comprise modulating a level of NF-fB activity in the cell by contacting the cell with an agent that produces a transient first increase in the level of NF-fB activity without a second delayed increase in NF-fB activity. Optionally, a second agent is used to prime the reactivation. Also provided herein is an isolated Massilia bacterium or population thereof capable of producing a HIV-1 reactivating factor (HRF). The HRF can, for example, comprise a Massilia flagellin polypeptide or fragment thereof. Also provided are methods of culturing the Massilia bacteria. Further provided are methods of reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject a HIV-1 reactivating factor produced by Massilia bacteria, optionally with a priming agent.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of treating a subject with a mycobacterial infection. The methods comprise administering to the subject a Cu+/++ boosting therapeutic. Also provided are compositions comprising a Cu+/++ boosting therapeutic. Further provided are methods of screening for a Cu+/++ boosting therapeutic.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods or reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in a cell. The methods comprise modulating a level of NF-?B activity in the cell by contacting the cell with an agent that produces a transient first increase in the level of NF-?B activity without a second delayed increase in NF-?B activity. Optionally, a second agent is used to prime the reactivation. Also provided herein is an isolated Massilia bacterium or population thereof capable of producing a HIV-1 reactivating factor (HRF). Also provided are methods of culturing the Massilia bacteria. Further provided are methods of reactivating a latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject a HIV-1 reactivating factor produced by Massilia bacteria, optionally with a priming agent.

Abstract: A viral modulator and process thereof. A method may include contacting one or more viral modulators to one or more biological systems. A biological system may be configured to be infected by one or more virus. A virus may include an HIV virus, a VEEV virus and/or the like. A viral modulator may include a viral inhibitor and/or a viral activator.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods that allow for the study of HIV latency and reactivation. Further provided are compositions and methods for in vitro screening of agents for their ability to reactivate, suppress reactivation or inhibit transcription of HIV. Compositions for and methods for activating a cell are also provided herein. Further provided herein are methods of treating a subject using agents that reactivate latent HIV infection or agents that inhibit HIV transcription. Also provided herein are methods of activating a latent microbiological entity in a subject. Further provided herein are methods for enhancing an immune response in a subject and compositions used as a vaccination adjuvant. Methods of making disclosed cells and compositions are also provided herein.