Abstract: An integrated reticulate structure comprising interconnected criss-crossing arrays of continuous or discontinuous filaments. The arrays are located in different layers and are mutually connected by flexible, generally strip-shaped links. Each link is integral with a filament in one array and with a filament in another array.A method of manufacturing an integrated reticulate structure commencing by extruding sheet in form of an adhesively connected assembly of one or more films and one or more arrays of ribs extending from at least one surface of each such film. To enable a formation of thin ribs and of a close spacing of the ribs there is preferably further coextruded a separating component between the ribs.

Abstract: Multi-layer fibrous sheet laminate having layers with criss-crossing predominate grain directions, each layer being a three-dimensional reticulate structure of polymer fibers precipitated in situ from a polymer solution in a solvent or swelling agent therefor. The layers are produced by extrusion from a slot onto a collecting surface moving away from the slot to impart the predominate grain direction thereto and the laminate can be produced in a single extrusion operation utilizing two sequentially arranged circular extrusion slots with a common tubular collecting surface while rotating such extrusion slots in different relative directions.

Abstract: A multi-layer laminate is formed by coextruding plural polymer layers in face-to-face contact with tooth-like interconnections at the layer interface.

Abstract: A two-dimensional integral net having a nap in form of relatively long fibres which are integral with the net and protrude from the edges which surround the apertures of the net.A method of producing this net from a film is by heating selected areas of the film to a molten state and dragging out this molten material into fibres to leave apertures in the film while controlling the fibre-dragging by cooling with an air jet.

Abstract: A perforated drainpipe in which at least one sheet comprised of polymeric material is shaped in generally tubular configuration with adjacent edges thereof being slightly spaced apart to define therebetween a gap extending along the tubular sheet, and at least one ribbon comprised of polymeric material, which can be the same or different as that in the tubular sheet, helically wound around the tubular sheet, preferably by extrusion, and integrally bonded thereto so as to reinforce the same and maintain the shape of the same. The sheet or sheets can extend longitudinally, being bent or curved width-wise so as to have such tubular shape, with the gap extending longitudinally.

Abstract: A high-strength laminate comprising generally weakly adhered biaxially oriented films, each formed of a blend which exhibits a distinct fibrous morphology with the fibres forming a distinct unidirectional grain when measured on a macro-scale but with the fibre-portions strongly deflected from this direction as seen on a micro-scale, the films being arranged in the laminate such that the unidirectional grain in at least two of the films criss-cross each other. This laminate is produced by melt attenuating the blend(s) while extruding the latter to films, cross-laminating the layers before or after solidification while they are still in molecularly unoriented state--except for the weak orientation produced by the melt-attenuation--and finally strongly biaxially orienting the laminate by stretching in several steps, whereby the stretching is generally uniaxial during each step.

Abstract: A high-strength laminate comprising generally weakly adhered biaxially oriented films, each formed of a blend which exhibits a distinct fibrous morphology with the fibres forming a distinct unidirectional grain when measured in a micro-scale but with the fibre-portions strongly deflected from this direction as seen on a micro-scale, the films being arranged in the laminate such that the undirectional grain in at least two of the films criss-cross each other. This laminate is produced by melt attenuating the blend(s) while extruding the latter into film-like layers, cross-laminating at least two layers before or after solidification while they are still in molecularly unoriented state--except for the weak orientation produced by the melt-attenuation--and finally strongly biaxially orienting the laminate by stretching in several steps, whereby the stretching is generally uniaxial during each step.

Abstract: A coextrusion die for the extrusion of plastics materials in the shape of a tubular film comprising supply means for separately supplying at least two plastics materials to said die, a distribution channel system connected to each supply means, each distribution channel system comprising at least two arched channels provided in different axial planes, the ends of each arched channel being connected to the middle portion of the following arched channel and the distribution channel systems being located at different distances from the center axis of the die, collecting chambers communicating with said distribution channel systems and an annular extrusion slot communicating with the collecting chambers.

Abstract: A two-dimensional integral net having a nap in form of relatively long fibres which are integral with the net and protrude from the edges which surround the apertures of the net.A method of producing this net from a film is by heating selected areas of the film to a molten state and dragging out this molten material into fibres to leave apertures in the film while controlling the fibre-dragging by cooling with an air jet.

Abstract: A high-strength laminate comprising generally weakly adhered biaxially oriented films, each formed of a blend which exhibits a distinct fibrous morphology with the fibres forming a distinct unidirectional grain when measured on a micro-scale but with the fibre-portions strongly deflected from this direction as seen on a micro-scale, the films being arranged in the laminate such that the unidirectional grain in at least two of the films criss-cross each other. This laminate is produced by melt attenuating the blend(s) while extruding the latter to films, cross-laminating the layers before or after solidification while they are still in molecularly unoriented state--except for the weak orientation produced by the melt-attenuation--and finally strongly biaxially orienting the laminate by stretching in several steps, whereby the stretching is generally uniaxial during each step.

Abstract: Tubular sheet material is produced by extruding a fluid polymer material through a hollow center die having an annularly extending extrusion orifice exit rotated about the die axis to form a continuous or discontinuous annular-form structure which is collected on a supported surface advancing through the hollow center of said die which surface at least in the zone of collection has a generally cylindrical shape concentric with the axis of die rotation. The collected structure undergoes attenuation because of the die exit rotation and, consequently, has a grain therein extending at an angle, e.g. helically, to the general extrusion direction. The collected structure may after solidification be slit and opened into sheet form or separated into filaments.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing tubular sheet material by extruding a fluid polymer material through a hollow centered die having an annular extending continuous or discontinuous extrusion orifice exit rotated about the die axis to discharge therefrom a continuous or discontinuous annular-form polymer structure which is collected on a generally cylindrical supported surface advancing through the hollow center of said die. The collected structure undergoes attenuation at an angle to the general extrusion direction because of the die exit rotation and consequently, has a grain therein extending at a significant angle, e.g. helically, to the general extrusion direction. The collecting surface may be formed separately from the support, e.g. by one or more endless belts passing either longitudinally or helical around the support so as to collectively define a cylindrical surface in the collection zone or combined with the support, e.g.

Abstract: Fibrous products, including single fibers, yarn and fibrous webs, of improved fineness are produced from extruded sheet material extruding in the form of a sheet-like, multi-layer composite stream a plurality of extrudable materials, at least one of which is a synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer and another of which is expandable or swellable in nature, which layers extend generally parallel to the faces of the stream, with each such layer containing either a fiber-forming polymer or an expandable or swellable extrudable material with the different layers being interspersed in the composite stream; solidifying this composite stream into a multi-layer sheet, not earlier than during such solidification subjecting the multi-layer sheet to a swelling or expanding treatment to aid in its mechanical disruption, and then mechanically disrupting the swollen or expanded sheet to produce a fibrous product of increased fineness.

Abstract: One or several strands of a material in plastic state are laid in pressure-free fashion into an exposed exteriorly accessible circular inlet channel of an extrusion die, while at least the diepart or dieparts, which define the inlet orifice are rotated so as to distribute each strand generally helically in the channel, and a driving shear force is applied against the material in the inlet channel to advance the material towards the die orifice, from where it is extruded in form of a tubular film or a circular array of filamentituous elements. The driving shear force can be established by rollers or scrapers engaging with the inlet orifice, or by moving the two sides of the inlet orifice relative to each other preferably in connection with an internal vanes adapted to produce a pumping action, or by an inserted ring in the orifice.

Abstract: Method of producing fibrous or sheet structure comprising melt coextruding a laminated structure comprising an assembly of two or more layers from polymeric material laminated together in intimate adherence with one another and simultaneously or subsequently so treating the assembly as to produce a regular pattern of areas of strong bonding separated by areas of weak or no bonding between the layers of the assembly.A sheet or fibrous product comprising an assembly of three or more ribbon-like elements of polymeric material with adjacent elements bonded in face-to-face relationship at regular intervals along their length.A sheet of fibrous product comprising three or more layers of polymeric material bonded to one another into an assembly at regular intervals along the length of the assembly and in which the or at least one of the inner layers of the assembly has a shorter surface length between adjacent bonds than the outer layers of the assembly, the outer layers thus having the form of loops.

Abstract: Fibrous products, including single fibers, yarn and fibrous webs, of improved fineness are produced from extruded sheet material extruding in the form of a sheet-like, multi-layer composite stream a plurality of extrudable materials, at least one of which is a synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer and another of which is removable by mechanical, chemical, or solvent action or a combination thereof, which layers extend generally parallel to the faces of said stream, with each such layer containing either said fiber-forming polymer or said removable extrudable material with the different layers being interspersed in said composite stream; solidifying this composite stream into a multilayer sheet, then splitting the resultant solid sheet to convert the same into a coarse fibrous product, and treating the thus produced fibrous product by mechanical, chemical, or solvent action or a combination thereof to at least partially remove the removable extrudable material and produce a fibrous product of increased

Abstract: One or several strands of a material in plastic state are laid in pressure free fashion into an exposed exteriorly accessible circular exterior inlet channel of an extrusion die, while at least the diepart or dieparts, which define the inlet orifice are rotated so as to lay each strand generally helically in the channel, and a driving shear force is applied against the material in the inlet channel to advance the material towards the die orifice, from where it is extruded in form of a tubular film or a circular array of filamentituous elements. The driving shear force can be established by rollers or scrapers engaging with the inlet orifice, or by moving the two sides of the inlet orifice relative to each other preferably in connection with an internal vanes adapted to produce a pumping action, or by an inserted ring in the orifice.

Abstract: A high strength laminate is formed of at least two films of polymeric material each having a predominant grain direction which films are arranged with their grain directions in intersecting or crossing relationship, each adjacent pair of such films being laminated together by an intermediate adhesive bonding layer, an array of filamentitious structures, e.g. parallel continuous filaments, staple fibers, or a split film network, which array has a generally predominating lengthwise direction being disposed within each such bonding layer with the lengthwise direction thereof oriented in an intersecting or crossing relation to the grain directions of both of the adjacent films, the filamentitious structures of such array being substantially free of any adhesive bonding with the intermediate adhesive layer and having a significant stretch capacity.

Abstract: A high-strength laminate comprising generally weakly adhered biaxially oriented films, each formed of a blend which exhibits a distinct fibrous morphology with the fibres forming a distinct unidirectional grain when measured on a macro-scale but with the fibre-portions strongly deflected from this direction as seen on a micro-scale and with the unidirectional grain in at least two of the films criss-crossing each other. Producing this laminate by melt attenuating the blend(s) while extruding the latter to films, cross-laminating the layers before or after solidification while they are still in molecularly unoriented state -- except for the weak orientation produced by the melt-attenuation -- and finally strongly biaxially orienting the laminate by stretching in several steps, whereby the stretching is generally uniaxial during each step.

Abstract: A reticular split film comprising transverse, relatively thick, oriented, regularly formed stemfibres and intervening relatively thin, and generally irregularly formed branchfibres, which are biaxially oriented and film-shaped in areas adjacent to the stemfibres and more fibre-shaped over the rest of their length.The structure is produced by embossing (profiling) a film in a biased or perpendicular line pattern, orienting and splitting the thin intervening portions between the thicker striations while shearing the striations relative to one another, and finally orienting the striations.