Abstract: A physical property of a test sample with a conductive or semi-conductive material (line/area/volume) is obtained. Periodic Joule heating is induced within the test sample by passing an AC current across a first pair of probe terminals electrically connected to the test sample, measuring the voltage drop across a second pair of probe terminals electrically connected to the test sample at one and three times the fundamental excitation frequency of the current-conducting terminals, and calculating the temperature-modulated property/properties of the test sample as a function of the potential drop measurement(s). This includes: a) determining a value proportional to the TCR of the test sample, b) a geometric parameter of the test sample (affected by coupling of its TCR to heat transport to/from the test sample), or c) the true resistivity of the test sample at the ambient experimental temperature by subtracting measurable and accountable TCR offset(s).

Abstract: A probe for direct nano- and micro-scale electrical characterization of materials and semi conductor wafers. The probe comprises a probe body, a first cantilever extending from the probe body, and a first thermal detector extending from the probe body. The thermal detector is used to position the cantilever with respect to a test sample.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve device includes a first inlet port (20) and a second inlet port (22) and a valve element (24) for selectively closing one of the first and the second inlet port. The valve element (24; 24?) is rotatable between two valve positions such that a surface of the valve element is moved in a direction parallel to openings of the inlet ports. The valve element includes two separate sealing portions (72, 74), a first sealing portion (72) for closing the first inlet port and a second sealing portion (74) for closing the second inlet port. The two sealing portions are arranged such that in a first valve position a first sealing portion closes the first inlet port and in a second valve position a second sealing portion closes the second inlet port. A centrifugal pump device includes such hydraulic valve device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a centrifugal pump assembly having an electric drive motor (2), at least one impeller (14) driven by said electric drive motor (2) and a valve element (24; 24?) rotatable between two 5 valve positions driven by a fluid flow produced by said impeller (14), wherein the valve element (24; 24?) has a cover plate (104; 104?) extending transverse to the rotational axis (X) of the impeller (14) and facing the impeller (14), wherein the valve element (24; 24?) having protrusions (102, 102?) arranged on an outer surface side facing away 10 from the impeller (14) such that a flow can act on them for driving the valve element (24; 24?).

Abstract: The invention relates to an atomic layer process printer for material deposition, etching and/or cleaning on an atomic scale in a selective area. The invention further relates to a method for material deposition, etching and/or cleaning on an atomic scale in a selective area using the atomic layer process printer.

Abstract: A pendulum mass damper is directed to damping oscillation of tall buildings, towers or similar flexible structures requiring a low frequency tuned mass damper (TMD) for reducing a e.g. wind or earthquake induced displacement response of the structure. A mass (1) is balanced by a first spring system (2a, 2b, 2c) and supported by a carrying part (4) to maintain a vertical position, the carrying part (4) carrying the mass in the vertical direction extends between the mass and a position (C) below the mass, i.e. the weight of the mass is carried or supported from or at a point or level below the mass, wherein the mass at the position (C) below the mass is fixed and/or connected to a unit (5) constituting a base of a supporting system for the mass which unit is floating i.e. the unit can move either horizontally or both horizontally and vertically.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a physical property of a test sample, comprising a conductive or semi-conductive material (line/area/volume), by performing electric measurements using a multi-terminal microprobe. Periodic Joule heating within the test sample is induced by passing an ac current across a first pair of probe terminals electrically connected to the test sample, measuring the voltage at one and three times the power supply frequency of the current-conducting terminals across a second pair of probe terminals electrically connected to the test sample, and calculating the temperature-modulated property(ies) of the test sample as a function of the voltage measurements at said frequencies. A value proportional to the Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity (TCR), an Electrical Critical Dimension (ECD), or the true resistivity of the test sample at the ambient experimental temperature by subtracting a measurable TCR offset from the apparent (heating-affected) resistivity of the test sample can be determined.

Abstract: A physical property of a test sample with a conductive or semi-conductive material (line/area/volume) is obtained. Periodic Joule heating is induced within the test sample by passing an AC current across a first pair of probe terminals electrically connected to the test sample, measuring the voltage drop across a second pair of probe terminals electrically connected to the test sample at one and three times the fundamental excitation frequency of the current-conducting terminals, and calculating the temperature-modulated property/properties of the test sample as a function of the potential drop measurement(s). This includes: a) determining a value proportional to the TCR of the test sample, b) a geometric parameter of the test sample (affected by coupling of its TCR to heat transport to/from the test sample), or c) the true resistivity of the test sample at the ambient experimental temperature by subtracting measurable and accountable TCR offset(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of establishing specific electrode positions by providing a multi-point probe and a test sample. The method comprises the measuring or determining of a distance between two of the electrodes of the multi-point probe and establishing a resistance model representative of the test sample. The method further comprises the performing of at least three different sheet resistance measurements and establishing for each of the different sheet resistance measurement a corresponding predicted sheet resistance based on the resistance model. Thereafter the method comprises the establishment of a set of differences constituting the difference between each of the predicted sheet resistance and its corresponding measured sheet resistance, and deriving the specific electrode positions of the multi-point probe on the surface of the test sample by using the distance and performing a data fit by minimizing an error function constituting the sum of the set of differences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for extracting volatile species from a liquid (20) connected to an inlet of an analysis instrument, such as a mass spectrometer (MS). The device has a chamber (4), a membrane (5) forming a barrier for the liquid at zero differential pressure between the inside and the outside of the chamber, and allowing passage of the volatile species at zero differential pressure between the inside and the outside of the chamber. The device has an inlet capillary channel (3) to feed in a carrier gas and prevent back-diffusion from the chamber, and an outlet capillary channel (6) which provides a significant pressure reduction, e.g. from atmospheric pressure in the chamber (4) to near-vacuum suitable for an MS. The invention combines the best of two worlds, i.e. the fast time-response of a DEMS system and the high sensitivity of a MIMS system, since a differential pumping stage is not needed.

Abstract: A probe for direct nano- and micro-scale electrical characterization of materials and semi conductor wafers. The probe comprises a probe body, a first cantilever extending from the probe body, and a first thermal detector extending from the probe body. The thermal detector is used to position the cantilever with respect to a test sample.

Abstract: A pump assembly includes pump casing (2), an impeller (14) rotatably arranged in the pump casing, a two rotation directions (A, B) electrical drive motor connected to drive the impeller and a valve arrangement (28) arranged in the pump casing to switch a flow path downstream of the impeller between two exits (24, 26) of the pump casing, depending on a rotation direction of the impeller. The valve arrangement includes a first movable valve element (34) at a first exit (24) and a second movable valve element (36) at a second exit (26). The first valve element partly closes the first exit in a closed position and is movable into an opened position by flow in the first rotation direction and the second valve element partly closes the second exit in a closed position and is movable into an opened position by flow in the second rotation direction (B).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of establishing specific electrode positions by providing a multi-point probe and a test sample. The method comprises the measuring or determining of a distance between two of the electrodes of the multi-point probe and establishing a resistance model representative of the test sample. The method further comprises the performing of at least three different sheet resistance measurements and establishing for each of the different sheet resistance measurement a corresponding predicted sheet resistance based on the resistance model. Thereafter the method comprises the establishment of a set of differences constituting the difference between each of the predicted sheet resistance and its corresponding measured sheet resistance, and deriving the specific electrode positions of the multi-point probe on the surface of the test sample by using the distance and performing a data fit by minimizing an error function constituting the sum of the set of differences.

Abstract: A construction unit (1, 2) forms part of a gas heater and includes a valve (9) which is actuatable by way of a stem (10). The stem (10) includes positive-fit device. The stem (10) is controllable from the outside via a tool which can be brought into engagement with the positive fit device. A detent engagement device (18, 27) holds the tool (21) in engagement with the stem (10), so that the valve is controllable without the aid of outside tools.

Abstract: By the method, a case having four sidewalls and at least four flaps at the bottom of the case is erected from a blank in a number of steps. The automated case erecting unit for use in erecting case blanks comprises a supporting device (9) and a picking and handling device (2), said picking and handling device being a robot with a robotic arm, wherein said robotic arm comprising a picking member (3) with a first leg and a second leg, which are placed perpendicularly and are locked in relation to each other, each leg comprising gripping means for picking up case blanks.

Abstract: A pump assembly includes pump casing (2), an impeller (14) rotatably arranged in the pump casing, a two rotation directions (A, B) electrical drive motor connected to drive the impeller and a valve arrangement (28) arranged in the pump casing to switch a flow path downstream of the impeller between two exits (24, 26) of the pump casing, depending on a rotation direction of the impeller. The valve arrangement includes a first movable valve element (34) at a first exit (24) and a second movable valve element (36) at a second exit (26). The first valve element partly closes the first exit in a closed position and is movable into an opened position by flow in the first rotation direction and the second valve element partly closes the second exit in a closed position and is movable into an opened position by flow in the second rotation direction (B).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for extracting volatile species from a liquid (20) connected to an inlet of an analysis instrument, such as a mass spectrometer (MS). The device has a chamber (4), a membrane (5) forming a barrier for the liquid at zero differential pressure between the inside and the outside of the chamber, and allowing passage of the volatile species at zero differential pressure between the inside and the outside of the chamber. The device has an inlet capillary channel (3) to feed in a carrier gas and prevent back-diffusion from the chamber, and an outlet capillary channel (6) which provides a significant pressure reduction, e.g. from atmospheric pressure in the chamber (4) to near-vacuum suitable for an MS. The invention combines the best of two worlds, i.e. the fast time-response of a DEMS system and the high sensitivity of a MIMS system, since a differential pumping stage is not needed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma texturing method for silicon based solar cells and the nanostructured silicon solar cells produced thereof. The silicon based solar cell comprises a silicon substrate having in at least part of its surface conical shaped nanostructures having an average height between 200 and 450 nm and a pitch between 100 and 200 nm, thereby achieving low reflectance and minimizing surface charge recombination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an all-optical pressure sensor comprising a waveguide accommodating a distributed Bragg reflector. Pressure sensing can then be provided by utilizing effective index modulation of the waveguide and detection of a wavelength shift of light reflected from the Bragg reflector. Sound sensing may also be provided thereby having an all-optical microphone. One embodiment of the invention relates to an optical pressure sensor comprising at least one outer membrane and a waveguide, the waveguide comprising at least one core for confining and guiding light, at least one distributed Bragg reflector located in said at least one core, and at least one inner deflecting element forming at least a part of the core, wherein the pressure sensor is configured such that the geometry and/or dimension of the at least one core is changed when the at least one outer membrane is submitted to pressure.

Abstract: A method for determining an electrical property of a test sample having a conductive surface portion with an electrical boundary includes (a) determining a first distance between the single position and the boundary by (1) contacting the test sample with a first four-contact configuration of a multi-contact probe at the single position; (2) applying a magnetic field at the single position; (3) measuring first and second resistances from which to calculate a first resistance difference; (4) measuring third and fourth resistances from which to calculate a second resistance difference; (5) defining a first relation including parameters representing the first and second resistance differences and the first distance; (6) determining the first distance by using the first and second resistance differences in the first relation; (b) repeating steps (1)-(6) with a second four-contact configuration to determine a second distance between the single position and the boundary; (c) defining a second relation including the