Abstract: A method of simulating a borehole acoustic response in an anisotropic formation of the crust of the earth includes formulating a geometric model of the formation. The geometric model includes a plurality of layers definable in a cylindrical coordinate system defined by an axial direction normal to each of the layers, a radial direction relative to the axial direction, and a circumferential direction relative to the axial direction. The method also includes formulating a computational model of wave propagation in the formation. The computational model includes field variables and a wave equation describing a behavior of the field variables. The field variables are represented as respective Fourier series expansions of Tr-periodic harmonics in the circumferential direction. The method also includes numerically solving the computational model.

Abstract: A control valve for use in a liquid-carrying system, such as a heating or cooling system, containing a differential pressure governor which keeps the differential pressure between the inlet and the outlet constant. The control valve also includes an arrangement for setting and adjusting the maximum flow of liquid through the valve. This arrangement comprises a flow valve having two cooperating valve members (4 and 6), which are arranged in the flow path and are constructed as two concentric rings, each of which has a recess extending about 180 degrees in the circumferential direction. The outer ring (4) is stationary relative to the valve housing, while the inner ring (6) may be displaced in the circumferential direction by means of a rotatable handle, whereby a greater or smaller overlap between the recesses may be provided. The maximum flow amount may hereby be set manually.

Abstract: A method of simulating a borehole acoustic response in an anisotropic formation of the crust of the earth, the method comprising: formulating a geometric model of the formation, the geometric model comprising a plurality of layers definable in a cylindrical coordinate system defined by an axial direction normal to each of the layers, a radial direction relative to the axial direction, and a circumferential direction relative to the axial direction; formulating a computational model of wave propagation in the formation, the computational model comprising one or more field variables and a wave equation describing a behaviour of the one or more field variables, wherein the one or more field variables are represented as respective Fourier series expansions of ?-periodic harmonics in the circumferential direction, and numerically solving the computational model.

Abstract: A ball valve (10), in particular for controlling the amount of medium supplied to a heating or cooling system, is adapted such that the characteristic of the valve may be determined so that it may be adapted to its use in the heating or cooling system. The ball valve consists of a housing having a ball valve body (4) which is rotatable in two cups (3, 5) of a corresponding ball shape. An insert (7) is arranged at the discharge side of the housing, said insert having a concave ball face which corresponds to that of the ball valve, and which is provided with a slot or recess (10) which, together with the through bore of the ball, defines the outlet opening of the valve. A desired characteristic of the valve may be provided by imparting a suitable shape to the slot (10). The insert is fixed in a holder (6) in the valve housing by means of axially extending teeth (13) in the face of the housing which receives the insert.

Abstract: A control valve for use in a liquid-carrying system, such as a heating or cooling system, containing a differential pressure governor which keeps the differential pressure between the inlet and the outlet constant. The control valve also includes an arrangement for setting and adjusting the maximum flow of liquid through the valve. This arrangement comprises a flow valve having two cooperating valve members (4 and 6), which are arranged in the flow path and are constructed as two concentric rings, each of which has a recess extending about 180 degrees in the circumferential direction. The outer ring (4) is stationary relative to the valve housing, while the inner ring (6) may be displaced in the circumferential direction by means of a rotatable handle, whereby a greater or smaller overlap between the recesses may be provided. The maximum flow amount may hereby be set manually.

Abstract: A ball valve (10), in particular for controlling the amount of medium supplied to a heating or cooling system, is adapted such that the characteristic of the valve may be determined so that it may be adapted to its use in the heating or cooling system. The ball valve consists of a housing having a ball valve body (4) which is rotatable in two cups (3, 5) of a corresponding ball shape. An insert (7) is arranged at the discharge side of the housing, said insert having a concave ball face which corresponds to that of the ball valve, and which is provided with a slot or recess (10) which, together with the through bore of the ball, defines the outlet opening of the valve. A desired characteristic of the valve may be provided by imparting a suitable shape to the slot (10). The insert is fixed in a holder (6) in the valve housing by means of axially extending teeth (13) in the face of the housing which receives the insert.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling the production of oil or gas from a formation (1) comprising that a first and second drilled production well (105, 110) are formed next to each other that extend essentially horizontally, that, at the drilled production wells, a further drilled well (115) is formed that extends between the first and the second drilled production well (105, 110), that the production of oil or gas is initiated, and that, while oil or gas is being produced, a liquid is conveyed to said further drilled well (115) and out into the formation (1) for a first period of time T1. The invention is characterised in that the pore pressure of the formation is influenced during the period T1 with the object of subsequently controlling the formation of fractures along a drilled well, typically across large distances in the reservoir.

Abstract: A regulating insert for insertion in a valve housing or the like in a flowing medium, comprising comprises a pre-setting means for regulation and/or setting of amounts of liquid in installations with flowing media for the limitation of the medium to a pre-set maximum amount, independently of a differential pressure working across the valve. The insert further comprises a tubular regulating element which is displaceable in a housing (3) in the longitudinal direction of the regulating insert, and lies up against a spring element (13) so that upon displacement the tubular regulating element (2) respectively opens or closes a number of openings (9) in the housing (3). The tubular regulating element (2) is influenced for regulation by a membrane, where the membrane (14) is a roller membrane, the roller membrane (14) being fastened along an outer diameter to the inner side of the housing (3) and along an inner diameter is fastened to the outer surface of the regulating element (2).

Abstract: A regulating insert for insertion in a valve housing or the like in a flowing medium, comprising comprises a pre-setting means for regulation and/or setting of amounts of liquid in installations with flowing media for the limitation of the medium to a pre-set maximum amount, independently of a differential pressure working across the valve. The insert further comprises a tubular regulating element which is displaceable in a housing (3) in the longitudinal direction of the regulating insert, and lies up against a spring element (13) so that upon displacement the tubular regulating element (2) respectively opens or closes a number of openings (9) in the housing (3). The tubular regulating element (2) is influenced for regulation by a membrane, where the membrane (14) is a roller membrane, the roller membrane (14) being fastened along an outer diameter to the inner side of the housing (3) and along an inner diameter is fastened to the outer surface of the regulating element (2).

Abstract: A regulation insert, for insertion in a valve housing in a liquid-carrying medium, having adjustable pre-setting for regulation and/or adjustment of liquid amounts in plants with liquid-carrying media for limiting the medium to a pre-set maximum amount, independently of a difference in pressure working across the valve, the insert having a tubular element which in a housing (3) can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the regulation insert and lies up against a spring element (8), so that by displacement of the tubular element (2) a number of openings (9) in the housing (3) are opened or closed, and where the pre-setting for the regulation insert has several rows of openings (4, 5, 28), where at least one row of openings (4, 5) is disposed substantially along the circumference of the tubular element (2), and where the rows of openings (4, 5, 28), independently of one another, can wholly or partly block the throughflow in such a manner that a multiple of adjustment possibilities is achieved.

Abstract: An article is provided that is highly resistant to localized normal indentation, or indentation tensile stresses, against its surface. The article is a stacked array of at least five layer units each having local anisotropy in at least one direction. Each unit has an adjacent unit that differs in a mechanical property, or offset in principle axis of anisotropy by less than 45°. The article forms part of a construction constructed and positioned to withstand indentation, or contact damage, detrimental to its use having a component normal to any tangent of the surface. The article can be a stacked array of fiber-reinforced polymeric material, i.e., prepreg, with the fiber direction offset from each layer to the next by less than 45°. Methods of making the article and methods of use of the article to resist impact are provided. Also provided are articles having surfaces, the surfaces being constructed and arranged to withstand sliding contact stress.

Abstract: Regulation insert, mainly for insertion in a valve housing or the like in a liquid-carrying medium, comprising adjustable pre-setting for regulation and/or adjustment of liquid amounts in plants with liquid-carrying media for limiting the medium to a pre-set maximum amount, independently of a difference in pressure working across the valve, said insert further comprising a tubular element which in a housing (3) can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the regulation insert and lies up against a spring element (8), so that by displacement of the tubular element (2) a number of openings (9) in the housing (3) are opened or closed, and where the pre-setting for the regulation insert comprises several rows of openings (4, 5, 28), where at least one row of openings (4, 5) is disposed substantially along the circumference of the tubular element (2), and where said rows of openings (4, 5, 28), independently of one another, can wholly or partly block the through-flow in such a manner that a multiple of adjus