Abstract: Methods and processes for synthesizing high quality carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are provided. A carbon precursor gas at reduced concentration (pressure) is contacted with a catalyst deposited on a support and at temperature about 10° C. above the SWNT synthesis onset temperature, but below the thermal decomposition temperature of the carbon precursor gas for given growth conditions. The concentration (pressure) of the carbon precursor gas can be controlled by reducing the total pressure of the gas, or by diluting with an inert carrier gas, or both. The methods produce SWNTs with the ratio of G-band to D-band in Raman spectra (IG:ID) of about 5 to about 200.

Abstract: A rapid liquid phase deposition (LPD) process of coating a substrate provides improved deposition rates. The LPD process may include the following steps: incubation of acids with corresponding oxides, sulfide, or selenide for a predetermined period of time; removing the undissolved oxides, sulfide, or selenide; liquid phase deposition of the oxide, sulfide, or selenide film or coating at an elevated temperature; and removing the substrate from the growth solution. Further, the growth solution can be prepared for re-use by cooling to a desired temperature and adding extra oxides, sulfides, or selenides.

Abstract: Methods and processes for quantitatively determining the ratio of the metallic to semiconductor tubes in the sample single-wall carbon nanotubes is provided. The single-walled carbon nanotubes can be sonicated to debundle the bulk material. The debundled SWNTs can be coated with a polymer, such as sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SDPS), and the coated SWNTs can be deposited on a substrate. The total number of tubes can be determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The semiconducting nanotubes can be determined by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The combination of photoluminescence and AFM measurements provides a quantitative ratio of the metallic to semiconductor tubes in the sample.

Abstract: Methods and processes for quantitatively determining the ratio of the metallic to semiconductor tubes in the sample single-wall carbon nanotubes is provided. The single-walled carbon nanotubes can be sonicated to debundle the bulk material. The debundled SWNTs can be coated with a polymer, such as sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SDPS), and the coated SWNTs can be deposited on a substrate. The total number of tubes can be determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The semiconducting nanotubes can be determined by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The combination of photoluminescence and AFM measurements provides a quantitative ratio of the metallic to semiconductor tubes in the sample.

Abstract: A rapid liquid phase deposition (LPD) process of coating a substrate provides improved deposition rates. The LPD process may include the following steps: incubation of acids with corresponding oxides, sulfide, or selenide for a predetermined period of time; removing the undissolved oxides, sulfide, or selenide; liquid phase deposition of the oxide, sulfide, or selenide film or coating at an elevated temperature; and removing the substrate from the growth solution. Further, the growth solution can be prepared for re-use by cooling to a desired temperature and adding extra oxides, sulfides, or selenides.

Abstract: Methods and processes for synthesizing high quality carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are provided. A carbon precursor gas at reduced concentration (pressure) is contacted with a catalyst deposited on a support and at temperature about 10° C. above the SWNT synthesis onset temperature, but below the thermal decomposition temperature of the carbon precursor gas for given growth conditions. The concentration (pressure) of the carbon precursor gas can be controlled by reducing the total pressure of the gas, or by diluting with an inert carrier gas, or both. The methods produce SWNTs with the ratio of G-band to D-band in Raman spectra (IG:ID) of about 5 to about 200.

Abstract: Versatile method for the quantification of biological transformations has been developed to determine their interior regularity in a universal way. This life-aligned, multidimensional method demonstrates capability to identify an inner uniformity for the biological cycle beyond it perceptible manifestation. The improved capacity of the advanced Index-K quantification tool to adjust the baseline zero value for any preferred living cycle enables the tool to compute inward uniformity for virtually every biological processes or conversions.

Abstract: The method for quantifying Alcohol Breakdown Activity (ABA) in humans in vivo is developed to determine an efficiency of alcohol catabolism for any given individual. Unlike other related methods, Index-K uses a biological regularity of ABA and employs a third dimension for integrating the multiple pharmacokinetical data into a single value. As expected, it allows for the discrimination between human differences, including gender and personal levels of alcohol dependency. Its use of pharmacokinetical data from ethanol catabolism makes it absolutely specific to alcohol--a major cause of alcohol disorder. This feature allows us to help diagnose alcoholism even in cases where traditional methods used to evaluate harmful alcohol consumption have failed.