Abstract: Semiconductor packages and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. The semiconductor package may include a package substrate, a semiconductor chip, which is mounted on the package substrate to have a bottom surface facing the package substrate and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface, a mold layer provided on the package substrate to encapsulate the semiconductor chip, and a heat dissipation layer provided on the top surface of the semiconductor chip. The mold layer may have a top surface substantially coplanar with the top surface of the semiconductor chip, and the top surfaces of the semiconductor chip and the mold layer may have a difference in surface roughness from each other.

Abstract: A product includes a container, a photosensitive material carried by the container and responsive to ultraviolet light, and a UV protector carried by the container to protect the photosensitive material from exposure to UV light. A method of producing a food or beverage container includes applying a photochromic material to a food or beverage container that is responsive to ultraviolet (UV) light so as to darken upon exposure thereto, and protecting at least a portion of the photochromic material from exposure to UV light.

Abstract: A product includes a container including a neck, and a ring non-removably secured to the neck of the container. The ring may be used to non-removably couple a fitment to the container and/or may be adapted irreversibly to change a characteristic of the ring that is visible from outside of the container to advise a user that the package has been opened.

Abstract: A product includes a container, a photosensitive material carried by the container and responsive to ultraviolet light, and a UV protector carried by the container to protect the photosensitive material from exposure to UV light.

Abstract: A product includes a container including a neck, and a ring non-removably secured to the neck of the container. The ring may be used to non-removably couple a fitment to the container and/or may be adapted irreversibly to change a characteristic of the ring that is visible from outside of the container to advise a user that the package has been opened.

Abstract: A product includes an indicator at least a portion of which is carried by a container and responsive to a change in at least one state of the container to irreversibly modify a visual characteristic visible from outside the container.

Abstract: A system for vaporizing a powder material incorporates a laser source with an optical arrangement for generating and focusing a laser beam to a focal point. The beam is characterized by having a region with a converging/diverging angle (?), respectively upstream/downstream from the focal point. It also has a power density above a predetermined value within the region. A conduit is provided with a channel, and the laser beam is focused to conform to the region in the channel. A nozzle then directs powdered material into the laser beam at a location upstream from the region for vaporization of the powder material by the laser beam during its transit through the region.