Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to two-photon microscopy, and specifically to methods and systems for optimizing the performance of entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) microscopy. An ETPA microscope is described with time delay tunability to optimize the coincidence of entangled photons on a sample. The optimization allows for increased two-photon absorption by the sample, resulting in increased luminescence of the sample. The ETPA microscopy systems and methods described allow for nonlinear imaging using excitation energy intensities six orders of magnitude lower than comparable two-photon absorption microscopy techniques using classical light.

Abstract: Provided herein are metal nanoclusters, having a high absorption to volume ratio, and uses of the same, such as in generating singlet oxygen, or in protecting surfaces from high intensity light.

Abstract: Provided herein are metal nanoclusters, having a high absorption to volume ratio, and uses of the same, such as in generating singlet oxygen, or in protecting surfaces from high intensity light.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment includes an apparatus having an energy source for selectively directing a first energy toward a first material. The at least a portion of the first energy excites a preselected second material to an excited state where at least two photons of the first energy are absorbed by the molecule of the second material causing the molecule to emit a second energy at about a predetermined wavelength. The apparatus also includes a control system for directing the first energy toward the first material. The apparatus also includes a detector for detecting at least a portion of the emitted second energy when the detector is more than about 40 meters from the molecule.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment includes an apparatus having an energy source for selectively directing a first energy toward a first material. The at least a portion of the first energy excites a preselected second material to an excited state where at least two photons of the first energy are absorbed by the molecule of the second material causing the molecule to emit a second energy at about a predetermined wavelength. The apparatus also includes a control system for directing the first energy toward the first material. The apparatus also includes a detector for detecting at least a portion of the emitted second energy when the detector is more than about 40 meters from the molecule.