Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to a puncture needle that can prevent the occurrence of coring. A puncture needle according to the present disclosure includes a cannula provided with a lumen. The cannula has a blade surface. The blade surface has: a sharp region located on a tip side of the blade surface and provided with a sharp edge on inner and outer circumferences of the blade surface; and a blunt region located on a base end side of the blade surface and provided with a blunt edge on the inner and outer circumferences of the blade surface. A tip of the blade surface is provided with a thick portion formed by a boundary between two surfaces, and the boundary forms an edge.

Abstract: A surface of a substrate is vacuum coated with a material by sequentially implanting and depositing ions from a single ion source. First ions of the coating material are initially implanted into the surface of the substrate to form an implanted substrate layer. Next, second ions of the material are deposited on the implanted substrate layer to form a seed layer. Third ions of the material are then implanted into the seed layer to form an intermixed layer. Fourth ions of the material are deposited over the intermixed layer to form the coating over the substrate.

Abstract: A system for coating a surface of a substrate with a material includes a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pump configured to maintain a vacuum in the vacuum chamber. One or more ion source(s) are configured to implant ions of the material into the surface of a substrate disposed within the vacuum chamber to form an implanted substrate layer. The ion source(s) then deposit ions of the material onto the implanted substrate layer to form a seed layer. The ion source(s) next implant ions of the material into the seed layer to form an intermix layer and finally deposit ions of the material on the intermix layer to form the coating over the substrate.

Abstract: A surface of a substrate is vacuum coated with a material by sequentially implanting and depositing ions from a single ion source. First ions of the coating material are initially implanted into the surface of the substrate to form an implanted substrate layer. Next, second ions of the material are deposited on the implanted substrate layer to form a seed layer. Third ions of the material are then implanted into the seed layer to form an intermixed layer. Fourth ions of the material are deposited over the intermixed layer to form the coating over the substrate.