Abstract: An arrangement for electrically connecting a circuit breaker to a laminated busbar in a switch gear cabinet in which the circuit breaker has at least one terminal to be contacted by a connecting bar and in which the laminated busbar includes at least one conducting layer for conducting electric current which is covered by adjoining insulating layers attached thereto, the arrangement including: a first cylindrical connecting element and a second cylindrical connecting element which are arranged at a distance to each other at the conducting layer and project away from the conducting layer; an electrically conducting distribution bar which is mounted to free end portions of the first and second cylindrical connecting elements; and a terminal member which is mounted to the distribution bar at a center between the first and second cylindrical connecting elements. The terminal member is to be contacted by the connecting bar.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a medium voltage or high voltage switchgear includes an evaporator, a fluid conduit, and a condenser. The evaporator is configured to surround at least part of a current carrying contact. The fluid conduit fluidly connects the evaporator to the condenser. A section of the fluid conduit is formed within the evaporator and is electrically insulating and is configured such that fluid can contact an outer surface of the current carrying contact. The cooling apparatus is configured such that in use a working fluid in the evaporator is heated to a vapour state, and the vapour is transferred by the fluid conduit to the condenser. The vapour in the condenser is condensed to the working fluid. The condensed working fluid is passively returned via the fluid conduit to the evaporator.

Abstract: A cooling system for a medium voltage switchgear includes a conductor, a fluid conduit, and an insulator, wherein, the conductor extends in a longitudinal axis, wherein, the conductor is configured to carry electrical current in the longitudinal axis direction, wherein a first part of the fluid conduit is located around an outer surface of the conductor and extends around the longitudinal axis, wherein, a second part of the fluid conduit is connected to the first part of the fluid conduit and extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, wherein the insulator is located around the conductor at the position of the fluid conduit and covers the first part of the fluid conduit, and wherein the cooling system is configured such that a fluid can flow into the second part of the fluid conduit and from the second part of the fluid conduit into the first part of the fluid conduit.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a medium voltage switchgear includes an evaporator section; a fluid conduit; and a condenser section. The evaporator section surrounds a current carrying contact and is configured such that fluid within the evaporator section can contact an outer surface of the current carrying contact. The evaporator section is fluidly connected to the fluid conduit. At least part of the evaporator section is electrically insulating and is connected to the fluid conduit. The fluid conduit is fluidly connected to the condenser section. In use, a working fluid in the evaporator section is heated to a vapor state, the vapor is transferred by the fluid conduit to the condenser section, and the vapor in the condenser section is condensed to the working fluid. The working fluid is passively returned to the evaporator section.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a medium voltage or high voltage switchgear includes an evaporator, a fluid conduit, and a condenser. The evaporator is configured to surround at least part of a current carrying contact. The fluid conduit fluidly connects the evaporator to the condenser. A section of the fluid conduit is formed within the evaporator and is electrically insulating and is configured such that fluid can contact an outer surface of the current carrying contact. The cooling apparatus is configured such that in use a working fluid in the evaporator is heated to a vapour state, and the vapour is transferred by the fluid conduit to the condenser. The vapour in the condenser is condensed to the working fluid. The condensed working fluid is passively returned via the fluid conduit to the evaporator.

Abstract: A loop heat pipe includes: an evaporator having an enclosure with a heat receiving side and side walls with openings forming an evaporator chamber, the evaporator chamber including a primary capillary structure adjacent to the heat receiving side of the enclosure and extending to the side walls of the evaporator chamber, a plurality of grooves in the primary capillary structure, each of which extends from an opening in one of the side walls to an opening in an opposite side wall, the plurality of grooves transporting vapor from the primary capillary structure to the openings; and a condenser.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of health of a rechargeable battery includes: determining a change in charge within an upper border and a lower border of a charging state window, the change in charge being determined by summing up current values measured within the charging state window; determining an actual state of health by scaling the change in charge with the width of the charging state window and dividing by an initial charging capacity of the battery; and determining an average state of health by calculating a sliding average of the actual state of health with at least one previous determined state of health.

Abstract: An arrangement for electrically connecting a circuit breaker to a laminated busbar in a switch gear cabinet in which the circuit breaker has at least one terminal to be contacted by a connecting bar and in which the laminated busbar includes at least one conducting layer for conducting electric current which is covered by adjoining insulating layers attached thereto, the arrangement including: a first cylindrical connecting element and a second cylindrical connecting element which are arranged at a distance to each other at the conducting layer and project away from the conducting layer; an electrically conducting distribution bar which is mounted to free end portions of the first and second cylindrical connecting elements; and a terminal member which is mounted to the distribution bar at a center between the first and second cylindrical connecting elements. The terminal member is to be contacted by the connecting bar.

Abstract: A cooling system includes an evaporator associated with a heat source. A condenser is located at a higher elevation than the evaporator. A heat pipe structure fluidly connects the evaporator with the condenser. A fan forces air through the condenser. A working fluid is in the evaporator so as to be heated to a vapor state, with the heat pipe structure transferring the vapor to the condenser and passively returning condensed working fluid back to the evaporator for cooling of the heat source. A plurality of thermoelectric generators is associated with the condenser and converts heat, obtained from the working fluid in the vapor state, to electrical energy to power the fan absent an external power source. The thermoelectric generators provide the electrical energy to the fan so that a rotational speed of the fan is automatically self-regulating to either increase or decrease based on a varying heat load.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of health of a rechargeable battery includes: determining a change in charge within an upper border and a lower border of a charging state window, the change in charge being determined by summing up current values measured within the charging state window; determining an actual state of health by scaling the change in charge with the width of the charging state window and dividing by an initial charging capacity of the battery; and determining an average state of health by calculating a sliding average of the actual state of health with at least one previous determined state of health.

Abstract: A cooling system includes an evaporator associated with a heat source. A condenser is located at a higher elevation than the evaporator. A heat pipe structure fluidly connects the evaporator with the condenser. A fan forces air through the condenser. A working fluid is in the evaporator so as to be heated to a vapor state, with the heat pipe structure transferring the vapor to the condenser and passively returning condensed working fluid back to the evaporator for cooling of the heat source. A plurality of thermoelectric generators is associated with the condenser and converts heat, obtained from the working fluid in the vapor state, to electrical energy to power the fan absent an external power source. The thermoelectric generators provide the electrical energy to the fan so that a rotational speed of the fan is automatically self-regulating to either increase or decrease based on a varying heat load.