Abstract: A filter element for filtering a fluid is described. The filter element comprises diamond particles fixed to a filter substrate. Also described is a method for the manufacture of the filter element and a filtration device comprising the filter element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for identifying chemical substances, comprising the following steps: analyzing a group of reference substances using a first method of analysis and a second, different method of analysis, especially NIR and Raman spectroscopy; storing the first and second sets of characteristic properties obtained for each reference substance and the combined sets of characteristic properties obtained by combining said first set and said second set, in a reference data base; analyzing the substance to be analyzed with the first and second methods of analysis; comparing the combined set of characteristic properties of the substance to be analyzed with the combined sets of the reference substances; identifying the substance to be analyzed with one of the reference substances when the similarity between the combined set of the substance to be analyzed and the combined set of exactly one reference substance, as established according to a set scale, exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method of analysis using X-ray fluorescence, whereby the X-ray fluorescence is excited by X-radiation. Said X-radiation is generated with an acceleration tension of between 5 and 60 kV and is radiated in an unfiltered form, i.e. without a primary ray filter being positioned in the ray path. The measured data is evaluated according to methods which are known in principle, whereby the area of the deceleration continuum is taken into account in the evaluation. The invention also relates to the application of the improved method for energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for analyzing chemical substances and to a device for carrying out said method.