Abstract: A method for optimizing provisioning workflows in cloud computing is provided. The method comprises determining a time coefficient for each resource type or aggregated resource types which define the installation time of a current workflow; accessing the current workflow and creating a tree topology based on the current workflow which defines serialized and parallelized provisioning steps; dividing the tree topology into independent sub-paths; determining a timing condition for an execution time of an optimized workflow; creating an optimized workflow template maintaining the timing condition by: selecting cheapest installation methods and cheapest resources; and reducing the parallelization of the tree topology; creating the optimized workflow by merging the optimized workflow template with data and the resource types of the current workflow.

Abstract: One or more processors apply rules to a first query to generate a modified query such that processing of the modified query is improved for a first set of processing conditions. One or more processors measure a degree of latency experienced during processing of the modified query under a second set of processing conditions. One or more processors generate other rules to be applied to queries based, at least in part, on the measured degree of latency.

Abstract: One or more processors apply rules to a first query to generate a modified query such that processing of the modified query is optimized for a first set of processing conditions. One or more processors measure a degree of latency experienced during processing of the modified query under a second set of processing conditions. One or more processors generate other rules to be applied to queries based, at least in part, on the measured degree of latency.

Abstract: In an approach for optimizing read/write access to a document object model in a web browser, one or more computer processors detect one or more accesses to a first data structure of a document object model. Based on the detected one or more accesses, the one or more computer processors determine whether the first data structure is a highly dynamic part of the document object model. Responsive to determining the first data structure is a highly dynamic part of the document object model, the one or more computer processors trigger a conversion of the first data structure to an access optimized data structure. The one or more computer processors convert the first data structure to an access optimized data structure.

Abstract: In an approach for optimizing read/write access to a document object model in a web browser, one or more computer processors detect one or more accesses to a first data structure of a document object model. Based on the detected one or more accesses, the one or more computer processors determine whether the first data structure is a highly dynamic part of the document object model. Responsive to determining the first data structure is a highly dynamic part of the document object model, the one or more computer processors trigger a conversion of the first data structure to an access optimized data structure. The one or more computer processors convert the first data structure to an access optimized data structure.

Abstract: A method of complementing a spoken text. The method including receiving text data representative of a natural language text, receiving effect control data including at least one effect control record, each effect control record being associated with a respective location in the natural language text, receiving a stream of audio data, analyzing the stream of audio data for natural language utterances that correlate with the natural language text at a respective one of the locations, and outputting, in response to a determination by the analyzing that a natural language utterance in the stream of audio data correlates with a respective one of the locations, at least one effect control signal based on the effect control record associated with the respective location.

Abstract: A method is provided for handling defined areas within an electronic document, which includes: marking at least one area in an electronic source document as indecomposable area which can be processed as a whole content only; generating signature data for the indecomposable area; assigning the signature data to the indecomposable area to create an indecomposable area object; storing the indecomposable object; encrypting and transmitting the indecomposable area object in response to a request of an enhanced content reader application, where the enhanced content reader application decrypts the indecomposable area object and processes the indecomposable area in an electronic target document; and generating and transmitting a protected version of the indecomposable area in response to a request of a regular content reader application, where the regular content reader application outputs the protected version of the indecomposable area in an electronic target document.

Abstract: A method and technique for managing authentication procedures for a user having access to several applications within a computing environment includes registering at an authentication manager different applications to which a user shall be given an authentication access by defining at the authentication manager a specific address identification allowing addressing the application specific authentication rules, logging the user to the authentication manager, the user requesting access to an application accessible by the authentication manager, and using the application specific address identification stored at the authentication manager to retrieve the application specific authentication rules for authenticating the user to the requested application.

Abstract: Ensuring integrity of a displayed web page in a client-server infrastructure including defining an enhancement for a web page markup for an enhanced web page content including a provided web page content and at least one identified provider added content as prerequisite content for the provided content, implementing a secure web browser document object model (DOM) enhancement and an enhanced document object model (DOM) processing embedding a user-requested content and the at least one corresponding prerequisite content based on the web page markup enhancement so that the requested content and the at least one prerequisite content of the enhanced web page content of an enhanced web page are secured and displayed as entity.

Abstract: Backup management of software environments in a distributed network environment includes: Creating a platform specific software environment according to a predefined software environment definition by a user in the network environment; automatically creating a generalized backup of the software environment by extracting platform independent data contents and platform specific transformation rules; automatically calculating enhanced meta data describing the generalized backup; assigning the enhanced metadata with the predefined software environment definition; registering the generalized backup with the enhanced metadata in a backup storage accessible by a plurality of distributed users connected via said network environment, creating a software environment according to a predefined software environment definition by automatically checking the backup storage for an available generalized backup by means of the predefined software environment definition.

Abstract: A method is provided for handling defined areas within an electronic document, which includes: marking at least one area in an electronic source document as indecomposable area which can be processed as a whole content only; generating signature data for the indecomposable area; assigning the signature data to the indecomposable area to create an indecomposable area object; storing the indecomposable object; encrypting and transmitting the indecomposable area object in response to a request of an enhanced content reader application, where the enhanced content reader application decrypts the indecomposable area object and processes the indecomposable area in an electronic target document; and generating and transmitting a protected version of the indecomposable area in response to a request of a regular content reader application, where the regular content reader application outputs the protected version of the indecomposable area in an electronic target document.

Abstract: A method for optimizing provisioning workflows in cloud computing is provided. The method comprises determining a time coefficient for each resource type or aggregated resource types which define the installation time of a current workflow; accessing the current workflow and creating a tree topology based on the current workflow which defines serialized and parallelized provisioning steps; dividing the tree topology into independent sub-paths; determining a timing condition for an execution time of an optimized workflow; creating an optimized workflow template maintaining the timing condition by: selecting cheapest installation methods and cheapest resources; and reducing the parallelization of the tree topology; creating the optimized workflow by merging the optimized workflow template with data and the resource types of the current workflow.

Abstract: A method and technique for managing authentication procedures for a user having access to several applications within a computing environment includes registering at an authentication manager different applications to which a user shall be given an authentication access by defining at the authentication manager a specific address identification allowing addressing the application specific authentication rules, logging the user to the authentication manager, the user requesting access to an application accessible by the authentication manager, and using the application specific address identification stored at the authentication manager to retrieve the application specific authentication rules for authenticating the user to the requested application.

Abstract: A method of automatically consuming and processing web services includes parsing a first document describing a web service to identify a first set of attribute-value pairs describing a function offered by the web service and a second set of attribute-value pairs specifying instructions for processing result data returned by the function for rendering in a user interface element; constructing an invocation request object for invoking the first function based upon the first and second sets of attribute-value pairs; and processing the result data returned by the first function based upon the second set of attribute-value pairs to generate a set of code executable to render a presentation of the result data in the user interface element. The second set of attribute-value pairs includes a first attribute-value pair specifying a data type for the result data and a second attribute-value pair specifying a first instruction for processing the result data.

Abstract: A method includes associating a state identifier with a page of a user interface; associating an element identifier with an element of the page of the user interface; and tracking a state of the element based on the state identifier and the element identifier throughout a user session of the user interface.

Abstract: A method of automatically consuming and processing web services includes parsing a first document describing a web service to identify a first set of attribute-value pairs describing a function offered by the web service and a second set of attribute-value pairs specifying instructions for processing result data returned by the function for rendering in a user interface element; constructing an invocation request object for invoking the first function based upon the first and second sets of attribute-value pairs; and processing the result data returned by the first function based upon the second set of attribute-value pairs to generate a set of code executable to render a presentation of the result data in the user interface element. The second set of attribute-value pairs includes a first attribute-value pair specifying a data type for the result data and a second attribute-value pair specifying a first instruction for processing the result data.

Abstract: A method for an electronic calendar and scheduling application to form a joined calendar during delegation of scheduling assignments includes: delegating calendar access from a first user to a second user in response to a command from the first user; wherein the first and second user maintain separate personal calendars with calendar entries with corresponding calendar entry identification (CID); generating a joined calendar view with the calendar entries from the second user's separate personal calendar; comparing each of the calendar entries with the first user's calendar entries; wherein in the event an entry from the calendar entries belonging to the first user is not duplicated during the comparing: merging the entry into the joined calendar; wherein in the event an entry from the first user's calendar entries is duplicated during the comparing: notating the duplication in the joined calendar; and displaying the joined calendar to the second user.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for implementing cloning operations in a distributed computing system are provided. The method includes preparing a database component of the system for a cloning operation. The preparation includes stopping activities occurring on the system except for the cloning operation, identifying current system state information from the database component and an application component of the system, and creating a self-contained system image of the database component that includes an image file of the database component and the current system state information. The method also includes restoring the system state of the application component by loading the self-contained system image on the database component, installing the image file of the database component on the database component, and updating the system state information on the database component and the application component from the self-contained system image, prior to restarting the system.

Abstract: The invention described herein introduces a system which binds the content to a person or any other entity like a company. So duplication of the content and rendering of content is only allowed to a well defined number of devices. The devices used in a system according to the present invention are provided for playing unencrypted content as well. Thus, users are enabled to play their currently existing audio CDs with the same device.