Abstract: The present application relates to a method and a motor for performing work using osmosis. The method comprises the steps of providing a motor comprising a supply chamber, a pressure chamber comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and a membrane permeable to fluid and at least partially impermeable to salt ions and enabling fluid communication between the supply chamber and the pressure chamber; then providing low salt concentration fluid in the supply chamber, closing the outlet of the pressure chamber; flowing high salt concentration fluid into the pressure chamber; allowing the pressure within the pressure chamber to increase as fluid crosses the membrane into the pressure chamber and using the increased pressure within the pressure chamber to perform work; then opening the outlet of the pressure chamber and allowing the fluid to drain from the pressure chamber and the pressure in the pressure chamber to decrease.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method and a motor for performing work using osmosis. The method comprises the steps of providing a motor comprising a supply chamber, a pressure chamber comprising at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and a membrane permeable to fluid and at least partially impermeable to salt ions and enabling fluid communication between the supply chamber and the pressure chamber; then providing low salt concentration fluid in the supply chamber, closing the outlet of the pressure chamber; flowing high salt concentration fluid into the pressure chamber; allowing the pressure within the pressure chamber to increase as fluid crosses the membrane into the pressure chamber and using the increased pressure within the pressure chamber to perform work; then opening the outlet of the pressure chamber and allowing the fluid to drain from the pressure chamber and the pressure in the pressure chamber to decrease.

Abstract: A method for producing glass by removing coloring ions through reduction is described, as are products obtained by this method.

Abstract: Lithographic printing plates are formed by imagewise exposing a single-layer or dual-layer positive-working lithographic printing plate precursor. The precursor has an outermost ink receptive layer containing a phenolic resin. The exposed precursor can be processed using a silicate-free developer composition having a pH of at least 12.5. This composition also includes an alkali metal hydroxide; a coating protecting agent that is a quaternary ammonium salt or phosphonium salt, or a mixture thereof, and a moderator for the coating protecting agent that is represented by the following general formula (I): wherein m is at an integer of at least 1 and up to and including 10 and M represents one or more counterions sufficient to balance the negatively-charged sulfonate groups.

Abstract: Lithographic printing plates are formed by imagewise exposing a single-layer or dual-layer positive-working lithographic printing plate precursor. The precursor has an outermost ink receptive layer containing a phenolic resin. The exposed precursor can be processed using a silicate-free developer composition having a pH of at least 12.5. This composition also includes an alkali metal hydroxide; a coating protecting agent that is a quaternary ammonium salt or phosphonium salt, or a mixture thereof, and a moderator for the coating protecting agent that is represented by the following general formula (I): wherein m is at an integer of at least 1 and up to and including 10 and M represents one or more counterions sufficient to balance the negatively-charged sulfonate groups.

Abstract: Lithographic printing plates are provided by imagewise exposing negative-working lithographic printing plate precursors having a negative-working radiation-sensitive imageable layer, followed by contacting with a processing solution that has a pH of at least 7 and up to and including 11. This processing solution also includes component (1) that is a nitrogen-containing base having an atmospheric pressure melting point of at least 40° C.; component (2) that is a non-ionic surfactant that independently has an atmospheric pressure melting point, glass transition temperature, or pour point of at least 40° C.; component (3) that is a hydroxy-containing solution promoter; and component (4) that is a hydrophilic surface protective compound. The method is carried out in a manner such that the exposed and processed precursor is not further treated with any liquid (such as gumming or rinsing solution) between processing and mounting onto a printing press.

Abstract: Lithographic printing plates are provided by imagewise exposing negative-working lithographic printing plate precursors having a negative-working radiation-sensitive imageable layer, followed by contacting with a processing solution that has a pH of at least 7 and up to and including 11. This processing solution also includes component (1) that is a nitrogen-containing base having an atmospheric pressure melting point of at least 40° C.; component (2) that is a non-ionic surfactant that independently has an atmospheric pressure melting point, glass transition temperature, or pour point of at least 40° C.; component (3) that is a hydroxy-containing solution promoter; and component (4) that is a hydrophilic surface protective compound. The method is carried out in a manner such that the exposed and processed precursor is not further treated with any liquid (such as gumming or rinsing solution) between processing and mounting onto a printing press.

Abstract: Method for producing an imaged lithographic printing plate comprising the step of developing an imagewise exposed negative working precursor with a developer comprising an alkylene oxide derivative of formula (A), wherein R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C6 alkyl group or H, (n+m) is an integer from 2 to 30, and R2 R3 R4 and R5 are each independently selected from H, methyl and ethyl, with the proviso that at least one of R2 and R3 is not H, and with the further proviso that at least one of R4 and R5 is not H.

Abstract: A developer solution can be used to prepare lithographic printing plates from negative-working precursors. The developer solution has a pH of at least 4 and up to and including 11. It also comprises both an ethylene/propylene glycol block copolymer and either or both of a sugar alcohol or a mono- or oligosaccharide. This combination of components provides desired processing to provide lithographic printing plates that can be used for printing without any post-development treatments with other solutions.

Abstract: A backside coating is applied to lithographic printing plate precursors and this coating provides sufficient protection so that adjacent precursors are not scratched or otherwise damaged when stacked. The backside coating is readily dissolved during processing or development at a pH of at least 6.5 after the precursors are imaged.

Abstract: Process for the production of a lithographic printing plate, comprising (a) providing a lithographic printing plate precursor comprising (i) a substrate; (ii) a radiation-sensitive coating comprising one or more layers and (iii) optionally an oxygen-impermeable overcoat; (b) image-wise exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor to radiation of a wavelength to which the radiation-sensitive coating is sensitive; (c) optionally subjecting the image-wise exposed precursor to a preheat treatment and/or rinsing with water; (d) removing the non-image areas from the image-wise exposed precursor by means of an alkaline developer solution; (e) optionally subjecting the imaged precursor obtained in step (d) to rinsing with water; (f) treating the imaged lithographic printing plate obtained in step (d) or (e) with a finisher solution; and (g) optionally subjecting the finisher treated plate obtained in step (f) to at least one further process step selected from rinsing with water, drying and baking; characterized

Abstract: Method for producing an imaged lithographic printing plate comprising the step of developing an imagewise exposed negative working precursor with a developer comprising an alkylene oxide derivative of formula (A), wherein R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C6 alkyl group or H, (n+m) is an integer from 2 to 30, and R2 R3 R4 and R5 are each independently selected from H, methyl and ethyl, with the proviso that at least one of R2 and R3 is not H, and with the further proviso that at least one of R4 and R5 is not H.

Abstract: A concentrated developer can be prepared with less than 60 weight % water and still remain in a single phase with little or no haze or precipitation. This developer concentrate also includes a water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvent, one or more alkyl ether carboxylic acid, coconut oil alkanolamine, coconut fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, ?-naphtholethoxylate, and block propylene oxide-ethylene oxide in an amount of at least 0.1 and up to 50 weight % solids, and optionally an alkyl naphthalene sulfonate in an amount of up to 40 weight % solids. The developer concentrate can be diluted up to 80:1 or greater with water and used to process imaged lithographic printing plate precursors.