Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of artificial leather comprising top coat, polyurethane layer and optional substrate layer, said process comprising i) providing a release layer, ii) applying one or more than one layer of a top coat to the release layer to an overall top coat layer thickness in the range from 1 to 500 ?m, iii) applying first polyurethane system components comprising an isocyanate component (A) and a polyol component (B) to the top coat to form a first polyurethane layer, wherein the isocyanate index of the first polyurethane system components is in the range from 101 to 140, iv) optionally applying further polyurethane system components to the first polyurethane layer to form further polyurethane layers, v) optionally applying a substrate layer to the polyurethane system components, vi) curing the polyurethane system components to form a polyurethane layer, and vii) separating the release layer from the top coat, wherein the overall thickness of the first and optional

Abstract: The invention relates to stable silicon dioxide dispersions and also their use for producing polyurethanes. The silicon dioxide dispersions are largely or preferably completely free of water and comprise silicon dioxide particles having an average diameter of 1-150 nm and at least one chain extender. The silicon dioxide particles can be modified by means of a silane (S) which comprises groups which are reactive toward isocyanates. Furthermore, a polyol, in particular a polyesterol and/or an isocyanate-comprising compound can be comprised in the silicon dioxide dispersions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for discontinuously or continuously preparing aminoplast solutions by condensation of aminoplast formers with formaldehyde in a serial cascade of at least three stirred tank apparatus A, B, and C, which involves a) in apparatus A, reacting a mixture comprising formaldehyde and urea in a molar ratio of 2.3:1 to 2.9:1 and water at a pH of 6 to 8, set by means of a base, at a temperature of 80 to 85° C., where apparatus A consists of one or more, i.e., one to ten, preferably one to five, more preferably one to three, more particularly one or two stirred tanks in parallel or in series, very preferably of one stirred tank, b) in apparatus B, reacting said mixture at a molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea of 1.9:1 to 2.6:1, where apparatus B consists of one or more stirred tanks, wherein the molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea is lowered, optionally by further addition of urea, in stages to not less than 1.9:1, at a pH of 3.5 to 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of artificial leather comprising top coat, polyurethane layer and optional substrate layer, said process comprising i) providing a release layer, ii) applying one or more than one layer of a top coat to the release layer to an overall top coat layer thickness in the range from 1 to 500 ?m, iii) applying first polyurethane system components comprising an isocyanate component (A) and a polyol component (B) to the top coat to form a first polyurethane layer, wherein the isocyanate index of the first polyurethane system components is in the range from 101 to 140, iv) optionally applying further polyurethane system components to the first polyurethane layer to form further polyurethane layers, v) optionally applying a substrate layer to the polyurethane system components, vi) curing the polyurethane system components to form a polyurethane layer, and vii) separating the release layer from the top coat, wherein the overall thickness of the first and optional

Abstract: A process for the production of leather using one or more reaction products of (a) triamines or higher amines with (b) at least one compound of the general formula I A1-R1??I where R1 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals having 10 to 5000 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched, saturated or having from one to three C—C double bonds, and A1 from groups capable of reacting with amines.

Abstract: Process for the production of leather using products obtainable by reacting (A) at least one cyclic organic carbonate with (B) at least one compound having at least two nucleophilic groups per molecule, selected from sulfonic acid, hydroxyl, primary or secondary amino or mercapto groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to stable silicon dioxide dispersions and also their use for producing polyurethanes. The silicon dioxide dispersions are largely or preferably completely free of water and comprise silicon dioxide particles having an average diameter of 1-150 nm and at least one chain extender. The silicon dioxide particles can be modified by means of a silane (S) which comprises groups which are reactive toward isocyanates. Furthermore, a polyol, in particular a polyesterol and/or an isocyanate-comprising compound can be comprised in the silicon dioxide dispersions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a readily water-redispersible polymer powder by spray drying of an aqueous polymer dispersion in the presence of a novel spray drying assistant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of top layers for roads, tracks, and other areas used by traffic, by producing a mixture comprising mineral material and a polyurethane reaction mixture, and also, if appropriate, further additions, applying it to a substrate material, and compacting and hardening it by applying a pressure of at least 5 N/cm2, where operations are substantially carried out without use of solvents. The present invention further relates to top layers for roads, tracks, and other areas used by traffic, obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: A process for the production of leather using one or more reaction products of (a) triamines or higher amines with (b) at least one compound of the general formula I A1-R1??I where R1 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals having 10 to 5000 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched, saturated or having from one to three C—C double bonds, and A1 from groups capable of reacting with amines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of composite bodies comprising mineral bodies and plastics, the liquid starting components of the plastics being applied to the surface of the mineral bodies where they cure to give the plastic, wherein cement is applied to the surface of the mineral bodies before the application of the liquid starting components of the plastics or as a mixture with said starting components.

Abstract: An epichlorohydrinamine polymer has a ratio of amine units to epichlorohydrin units of from 0.8:1.2 to 1.0:1.0, dimethylaminopropylamine and benzylamine preferably being used as amine and/or ammonium units. The novel epichlorohydrinamine polymer is used, for example, for the surface treatment of semifinished leather products and textile materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a condensation product obtainable by reaction of a1) at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic, where the aromatic or heteroaromatic is substituted by at least one hydroxyl group (—OH) and at least one carboxyl group (—COOH), and where the hydroxyl and/or carboxyl group can be present in salt form, a2) at least one carbonyl compound, a3) optionally at least one sulfonating agent a4) optionally at least one urea derivative, and a5) optionally at least one further aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a physiologically tolerable salt thereof, with the precondition that the component a1) is not salicylic acid or sulfosalicylic acid if the component a4) is melamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a tanning agent in or on filters, in particular natural or synthetic fibrous fabric or foams, for the avoidance of infections, these filters in particular being part of respiratory protection masks or respiratory protection apparatuses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture comprising i) at least one condensation product (A) obtainable by reaction of a1) at least one aromatic system or heteroaromatic system, a2) at least one carbonyl compound, a3) if appropriate at least one sulfonating agent and a4) if appropriate at least one urea derivative, where the condensation product (A) has an Mw value ?9000 g/mol, and ii) at least one tanning agent having an Mw value ?3000 g/mol.

Abstract: An epichlorohydrinamine polymer has a ratio of amine units to epichlorohydrin units of from 0.8:1.2 to 1.0:1.0, dimethylaminopropylamine and benzylamine preferably being used as amine and/or ammonium units. The novel epichlorohydrinamine polymer is used, for example, for the surface treatment of semifinished leather products and textile materials.

Abstract: Process for the production of leather using products obtainable by reacting (A) at least one cyclic organic carbonate with (B) at least one compound having at least two nucleophilic groups per molecule, selected from sulfo, hydroxyl, primary or secondary amino or mercapto groups.

Abstract: Adducts are obtained by reacting carbonyl compounds of the formula I where R1 and R2 are as defined, with cyclic compounds of the formula II where X is selected from oxygen, sulfur and N—R8, R3-R8 are as defined, and n is an integer from 1 to 4, which adducts are useful as tanning agents and preservatives.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of leather comprises the following process steps: (a) Application of at least one cationic or amphoteric aqueous treatment composition to leather by roll coating and/or roll application and/or spray application, and subsequently (b) treatment of the leather with an anionic leather treatment composition in a drum.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous formulations, and aqueous formulations so prepared, the process comprising heating at least one cyclic compound of the formula I in the presence of water and of an acidic catalyst and, during or after the heating, H—X—R3 is at least partially separated off, where, in formula I, X is selected from oxygen, sulfur and N—R6, R1-R6 are as defined, and n is an integer from 1 to 4.