Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for starting up a reactor for preparation of phthalic anhydride by the catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene, containing a bed of shaped catalyst bodies and within a temperature-controlled salt bath. The industrial production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene is affected by selective gas phase oxidation in a shell and tube reactor cooled with a salt bath, which may contain several thousand reactor tubes. There are 4 to 5 different catalyst layers in each reactor, which are introduced into each reactor successively in axial direction.

Abstract: A catalytic converter arrangement for producing phthalic anhydride by means of a gas phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising a reactor with a gas inlet side for a reactant gas, a gas outlet side for a product gas, a first catalytic converter layer made of catalytic converter elements, and at least one second catalytic converter layer made of catalytic converter elements. The first catalytic converter layer is arranged on the gas inlet side, and the second catalytic converter layer is arranged downstream of the first catalytic converter layer in the gas flow direction. The catalytic converter elements have an outer layer of an active compound. The invention is characterized in that the active compound content in the first catalytic converter layer and/or in the second catalytic converter layer is below 7 wt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, which comprises a reactor having a gas inlet end for a feed gas and a gas outlet end for a product gas and also a first catalyst zone made up of catalyst bodies and at least one second catalyst zone made up of catalyst bodies, where the first catalyst zone is arranged at the gas inlet end and the second catalyst zone is arranged downstream of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction and the length of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction is less than the length of the second catalyst zone in the gas flow direction, characterized in that the first catalyst zone has a higher gap content compared to the second catalyst zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, which comprises a reactor having a gas inlet end for a feed gas and a gas outlet end for a product gas and also a first catalyst zone made up of catalyst bodies and at least one second catalyst zone made up of catalyst bodies, where the first catalyst zone is arranged at the gas inlet end and the second catalyst zone is arranged downstream of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction and the length of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction is less than the length of the second catalyst zone in the gas flow direction, characterized in that the first catalyst zone has a higher gap content compared to the second catalyst zone.

Abstract: A catalytic converter arrangement for producing phthalic anhydride by means of a gas phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising a reactor with a gas inlet side for a reactant gas, a gas outlet side for a product gas, a first catalytic converter layer made of catalytic converter elements, and at least one second catalytic converter layer made of catalytic converter elements. The first catalytic converter layer is arranged on the gas inlet side, and the second catalytic converter layer is arranged downstream of the first catalytic converter layer in the gas flow direction. The catalytic converter elements have an outer layer of an active compound. The invention is characterized in that the active compound content in the first catalytic converter layer and/or in the second catalytic converter layer is below 7 wt.

Abstract: A light wood-containing material having an average density in the range from 200 to 600 kg/m3, comprising, based in each case on the wood-containing material: A) from 30 to 95% by weight of wood particles; B) from 1 to 25% by weight of a filler having a bulk density in the range from 10 to 150 kg/m3, selected from the group consisting of foamable plastic particles and already foamed plastic particles; C) from 0.1 to 50% by weight of a binder and, if appropriate, D) additives, the following relationship being true for the d? values according to Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet of the wood particles A) and of the particles of the filler B): d? of the particles A) ?2.5×d? of the particles B).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method on a portable data carrier (10). In said method, a web server (62) of the data carrier (10) preferably receives command information from a terminal (100) connected to the data carrier (10), the command information relating to at least one CAT command (“Card Application Toolkit” command). The at least one CAT command is then executed by a CAT interpreter (64) of the data carrier (10). The command information is embedded in an HTTP command request message of an HTTP client (110) of the terminal (100), and the web server (62) extracts the embedded command information from the HTTP command request message before relaying it to the CAT interpreter (64) of the data carrier (10) for execution of the at least one CAT command. In this manner there is enabled a flexible and resource-saving interaction between the web server (62) and the CAT interpreter (64).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods relate to tracing exchanges of a plurality of signals, including requests and responses, made between a master device and a slave device of the system on chip. The apparatuses and methods further relate to tracking the number of requests and the number of responses made before and after tracing is activated for determining which responses to trace after tracing is activated and for determining which remaining number of responses to trace after tracing is deactivated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for manufacturing of esters of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FD-CA-esters) by reacting 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with one or more alcohols in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The use of the heterogeneous catalyst, which may be a Bronsted or Lewis acid, allows for production of high yields of FDCA esters. Furthermore, the catalyst can conveniently be recycled after completion of the reaction.

Abstract: A trace monitor configured to trace an exchange of a plurality of signals between a master device and a slave device of the system on chip, wherein the plurality of signals have a number of requests and a number of responses; and track the number of requests and the number of responses made before and after tracing is activated to determine which Reponses of the number of responses to trace after tracing is activated and a remaining number of responses to trace after tracing is deactivated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining organic compounds from biomass, wherein the steps of gas stripping, adsorption from the gas phase, and catalytic reaction are coordinated with each other. The method according to the invention preferably comprises the steps of fermentation, gas stripping, adsorption, desorption, catalytic reaction, condensation, and decantation, which can proceed in parallel. The invention further relates to the coupling of adsorption, desorption, and catalytic reaction by using the same zeolite material for adsorption and catalytic reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating a motion vector field for an intermediate image disposed between a first and a second image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method on a portable data carrier (10). In said method, a web server (62) of the data carrier (10) preferably receives command information from a terminal (100) connected to the data carrier (10), the command information relating to at least one CAT command (“Card Application Toolkit” command). The at least one CAT command is then executed by a CAT interpreter (64) of the data carrier (10). The command information is embedded in an HTTP command request message of an HTTP client (110) of the terminal (100), and the web server (62) extracts the embedded command information from the HTTP command request message before relaying it to the CAT interpreter (64) of the data carrier (10) for execution of the at least one CAT command. In this manner there is enabled a flexible and resource-saving interaction between the web server (62) and the CAT interpreter (64).

Abstract: A light wood-containing material having an average density in the range from 200 to 600 kg/m3, comprising, based in each case on the wood-containing material: A) from 30 to 95% by weight of wood particles; B) from 1 to 25% by weight of a filler having a bulk density in the range from 10 to 150 kg/m3, selected from the group consisting of foamable plastic particles and already foamed plastic particles; C) from 0.1 to 50% by weight of a binder and, if appropriate, D) additives, the following relationship being true for the d? values according to Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet of the wood particles A) and of the particles of the filler B): d? of the particles A)?2.5×d? of the particles B).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating a motion vector field for an intermediate image disposed between a first and a second image.

Abstract: A method for putting into operation a processor smart card in a network for communication, preferably in a GSM network, wherein the card user must identify himself with respect to the processor smart card (SIM) by a personal identification number. An application is stored on the smart card to control the execution upon the first use of the processor smart card by the card user. The application is used to transmit an indication of the first use to the card user. The application is arranged to transmit personal identification numbers for subsequent use of the processor smart card in the network to the first user of the card or to let them be defined by the first user of the card.