Abstract: A method for producing a usable by-product in a cyclone reactor. The method comprises introducing a reactant into a housing of the reactor through an inlet; using a burner to combust a first portion of the reactant in an exothermic reaction provided in a flame zone near a center of the housing; consuming a second portion of the reactant in an endothermic reaction near an outer wall of the housing to produce the by-product as part of a slag layer; and removing the slag layer including the by-product though an outlet in the housing; wherein the endothermic reaction takes place at a temperature of at least 1600° C.

Abstract: A cyclone reactor for producing a usable by-product as part of a recoverable slag layer, the reactor comprising a housing having an outer wall that defines a combustion chamber; an inlet configured to introduce a reactant into the reactor; a burner configured to combust the reactant in a flame zone near a central axis of the chamber; and an outlet configured to provide for the removal of the usable by-product from the housing; wherein the reactor is configured to combust a first portion of the reactant in an exothermic reaction in the flame zone; and wherein the reactor is configured to convert a second portion of the reactant in an endothermic reaction near the outer wall to produce the by-product as part of the slag layer.